Leitlinienprogramm OnkologiePeniskarzinom

12. Literaturverzeichnis – Peniskarzinom

Version 1.0 · August 2020 · AWMF 043/042OL
Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie · Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft · Deutsche Krebshilfe · AWMF

1. OCEBM Levels of Evidence Working Group, The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence, Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, 2011., http://www.cebm.net/index.aspx?o=5653

2. Dolle, K., Schulte-Korne, G., The treatment of depressive disorders in children and adolescents, Dtsch Arztebl Int, 2013. 110(50): p. 854-60., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24399027

3. AWMF, AWMF-Regelwerk „Leitlinien“, Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)- Ständige Kommission Leitlinien, 2012. 1. Auflage 2012:, http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/awmf-regelwerk.html

4. Bertelsman Stiftung, Patienten schätzen "Dr. Googles" Vielseitigkeit, Gesundheitsinfos, 2018., www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/de/themen/aktuelle-meldungen/2018/januar/patienten-schaetzen-dr-googles-vielseitigkeit/

5. Gysels, M., Higginson, I. J., Interactive technologies and videotapes for patient education in cancer care: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials, Support Care Cancer, 2007. 15(1): p. 7-20., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17024500

6. Nilsen, E. S., Myrhaug, H. T., Johansen, M., Oliver, S., Oxman, A. D., Methods of consumer involvement in developing healthcare policy and research, clinical practice guidelines and patient information material, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006. p. CD004563., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856050

7. Wofford, J. L., Smith, E. D., Miller, D. P., The multimedia computer for office-based patient education: a systematic review, Patient Educ Couns, 2005. 59(2): p. 148-57., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16257619

8. Beauchamp T.L., Childress, J.F., Principles of biomedical ethicsOxford University Press, 2001.

9. Sieber, W. J., Kaplan, R. M., Informed adherence: the need for shared medical decision making, Control Clin Trials, 2000. 21(5 Suppl): p. 233S-40S., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11018581

10. Weinstein, J. N., The missing piece: embracing shared decision making to reform health care, Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2000. 25(1): p. 1-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10647152

11. Deutschen Netzwerks Evidenzbasierte Medizin e.V., Gute Praxis Gesundheitsinformation, 2016., http://www.ebm-netzwerk.de/gpgi

12. Dissemination, N.C.f.R.a, Effective Health Care: Informing, communicating and sharing decision with people who have cancerLatimer Trend & Compagny Ltd, 2000.

13. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, S3-Leitlinie Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Mammakarzinoms, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF, 2018. Langversion 4.1(AWMF-Registernummer: 032-045OL):

14. Lühnen J, Albrecht M, Mühlhauser I, Steckelberg A., Leitlinie evidenzbasierte Gesundheitsinformation, 2017., http://www.leitlinie-gesundheitsinformation.de/

15. Wagner, K., Koller, M., Keil, A. et al., Strahlentherapie bei chirurgischen und nicht-chirurgischen Patienten, Therapieerwartungen, Lebensqualität und Arzteinschätzungen, Der Chirug, 1998. p. p. 252-258.

16. Steinbach, K., van Oorschot, B. Anselm, R. Leppert, K. Schweitzer, S. Hausmann, C. Köhler, N., Wer soll entscheiden?, Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 2004. 101(41): p. A-2741.

17. Weis, J., Giesler, J. M., Subjective dimensions of patient competence: relationships with selected healthcare usage behaviors and general features of self-rated competence, Patient Educ Couns, 2008. 73(3): p. 511-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18952394

18. Chouliara, Z., Kearney, N., Stott, D., Molassiotis, A., Miller, M., Perceptions of older people with cancer of information, decision making and treatment: a systematic review of selected literature, Ann Oncol, 2004. 15(11): p. 1596-602., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15520059

19. Hagerty, R. G., Butow, P. N., Ellis, P. M., Dimitry, S., Tattersall, M. H., Communicating prognosis in cancer care: a systematic review of the literature, Ann Oncol, 2005. 16(7): p. 1005-53., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939716

20. Darthmouth Hitchcock, Project SEARCH at Dartmouth-Hitchcock, 2019., http://www.dartmouth-hitchcock.org/about_dh/project_search.html

21. Rahn, A. C., Kopke, S., Kasper, J., Vettorazzi, E., Muhlhauser, I., Heesen, C., Evaluator-blinded trial evaluating nurse-led immunotherapy DEcision Coaching In persons with relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis (DECIMS) and accompanying process evaluation: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial, Trials, 2015. 16: p. 106., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25872529

22. O'Connor, A. M., Rostom, A., Fiset, V., Tetroe, J., Entwistle, V., Llewellyn-Thomas, H., et.al. Decision aids for patients facing health treatment or screening decisions: systematic review, BMJ, 1999. 319(7212): p. 731-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10487995

23. Du, S., Hu, L., Dong, J., Xu, G., Jin, S., Zhang, H., et.al. Patient education programs for cancer-related fatigue: A systematic review, Patient Educ Couns, 2015. 98(11): p. 1308-19., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26072422

24. Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Patientenrechte in Deutschland. Leitfaden für Patientinnen/ Patienten und Ärztinnen/ Ärzte, 2007.

25. Butow, P. N., Maclean, M., Dunn, S. M., Tattersall, M. H., Boyer, M. J., The dynamics of change: cancer patients' preferences for information, involvement and support, Ann Oncol, 1997. 8(9): p. 857-63., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9358935

26. Crockett, R. A., Sutton, S., Walter, F. M., Clinch, M., Marteau, T. M., Benson, J., Impact on decisions to start or continue medicines of providing information to patients about possible benefits and/or harms: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Med Decis Making, 2011. 31(5): p. 767-77., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21447731

27. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, S3-Leitlinie: Psychoonkologische Diagnostik, Beratung und Behandlung von erwachsenen Krebspatienten, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF, 2014. AWMF-Registernummer: 032/051OL(Langversion 1.1):, http://leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/Leitlinien.7.0.html

28. Weis J, Schumacher A, Blettner G et al., Psychoonkologie, Onkologe, 2007. 13 (2): p. 185-94.

29. Drager, D. L., Milerski, S., Sievert, K. D., Hakenberg, O. W., [Psychosocial effects in patients with penile cancer : A systematic review], Urologe A, 2018. 57(4): p. 444-452., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29476193

30. Drager, D. L., Protzel, C., Hakenberg, O. W., Identifying Psychosocial Distress and Stressors Using Distress-screening Instruments in Patients With Localized and Advanced Penile Cancer, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2017. 15(5): p. 605-609., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28499559

31. Adler, N., Singh-Manoux, A., Schwartz, J., Stewart, J., Matthews, K., Marmot, M. G., Social status and health: a comparison of British civil servants in Whitehall-II with European- and African-Americans in CARDIA, Soc Sci Med, 2008. 66(5): p. 1034-45., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18180089

32. Fallowfield, L., Ratcliffe, D., Jenkins, V., Saul, J., Psychiatric morbidity and its recognition by doctors in patients with cancer, Br J Cancer, 2001. 84(8): p. 1011-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11308246

33. Mehnert, Anja, Müller, Diana, Lehmann, Claudia, Koch, Uwe, Die deutsche Version des NCCN Distress-Thermometers, Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 2006. 54(3): p. 213-223., https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.54.3.213

34. Hermann-Lingen C, Buss U, Snaith RP, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - deutsche Version (HADS-D)Verlag Hans Huber, 1995.

35. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, S3-Leitlinie: Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht heilbaren Krebserkrankung, Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF, 2015. Leitlinienreport 1.0(AWMF-Registernummer: 128/001OL):, http://leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/Leitlinien.7.0.html

36. Gaertner, J., Wolf, J., Voltz, R., Early palliative care for patients with metastatic cancer, Curr Opin Oncol, 2012. 24(4): p. 357-62., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22476189

37. Rabow, M. W., Dibble, S. L., Pantilat, S. Z., McPhee, S. J., The comprehensive care team: a controlled trial of outpatient palliative medicine consultation, Arch Intern Med, 2004. 164(1): p. 83-91., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14718327

38. Temel, J. S., Greer, J. A., Muzikansky, A., Gallagher, E. R., Admane, S., Jackson, V. A., et.al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, N Engl J Med, 2010. 363(8): p. 733-42., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20818875

39. Zimmermann, C., Swami, N., Krzyzanowska, M., Hannon, B., Leighl, N., Oza, A., et.al. Early palliative care for patients with advanced cancer: a cluster-randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 2014. 383(9930): p. 1721-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24559581

40. Gaertner, J., Wolf, J., Hallek, M., Glossmann, J. P., Voltz, R., Standardizing integration of palliative care into comprehensive cancer therapy--a disease specific approach, Support Care Cancer, 2011. 19(7): p. 1037-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21432009

41. Smith, T. J., Temin, S., Alesi, E. R., Abernethy, A. P., Balboni, T. A., Basch, E. M., et.al. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care, J Clin Oncol, 2012. 30(8): p. 880-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22312101

42. Robert Koch-Institut, Selbsthilfe, in Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes gemeinsam getragen von RKI und Destatis: Gesundheit in Deutschland, 2015, Robert Koch-Institut: Berlin.

43. Montes Cardona, C. E., Garcia-Perdomo, H. A., Incidence of penile cancer worldwide: systematic review and meta-analysis, Rev Panam Salud Publica, 2017. 41: p. e117., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31384255

44. World Health Organization, Cancer today, 2018., https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home

45. Robert Koch-Institut, Seltene Lokalisationen und nicht-melanotischer Hautkrebs: Seltene bösartige Tumore, in Krebs in Deutschland für 2013/2014, 2017, Robert Koch-Institut: Berlin. 11:

46. Zentrum für Krebsregisterdaten, DatenbankabfrageRobert Koch-Institut, 2017., https://www.krebsdaten.de/Krebs/DE/Datenbankabfrage/datenbankabfrage_stufe1_node.html

47. Moch, H., Cubilla, A. L., Humphrey, P. A., Reuter, V. E., Ulbright, T. M., The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part A: Renal, Penile, and Testicular Tumours, Eur Urol, 2016. 70(1): p. 93-105., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26935559

48. Olesen, T. B., Sand, F. L., Rasmussen, C. L., Albieri, V., Toft, B. G., Norrild, B., et.al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus DNA and p16(INK4a) in penile cancer and penile intraepithelial neoplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Lancet Oncol, 2019. 20(1): p. 145-158., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30573285

49. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, S3-Leitlinie: Impfprävention HPV-assoziierter Neoplasien, AWMF, 2013. AWMF-Register-Nr.: 082/002(Langversion):

50. Robert Koch-Institut, Wissenschaftliche Begründung für die Empfehlung der HPV-Impfung für Jungen im Alter von 9 bis 14 Jahren, Epidemiol Bull, 2018. 57: p. 413-417.

51. Mentrikoski, M. J., Stelow, E. B., Culp, S., Frierson, H. F., Jr., Cathro, H. P., Histologic and immunohistochemical assessment of penile carcinomas in a North American population, Am J Surg Pathol, 2014. 38(10): p. 1340-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25210933

52. Rubin, M. A., Kleter, B., Zhou, M., Ayala, G., Cubilla, A. L., Quint, W. G., et.al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus DNA in penile carcinoma: evidence for multiple independent pathways of penile carcinogenesis, Am J Pathol, 2001. 159(4): p. 1211-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11583947

53. Philippou, P., Shabbir, M., Ralph, D. J., Malone, P., Nigam, R., Freeman, A., et.al. Genital lichen sclerosus/balanitis xerotica obliterans in men with penile carcinoma: a critical analysis, BJU Int, 2013. 111(6): p. 970-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23356463

54. Velazquez, E. F., Cubilla, A. L., Lichen sclerosus in 68 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: frequent atypias and correlation with special carcinoma variants suggests a precancerous role, Am J Surg Pathol, 2003. 27(11): p. 1448-53., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14576478

55. Chaux, A., Netto, G. J., Rodriguez, I. M., Barreto, J. E., Oertell, J., Ocampos, S., et.al. Epidemiologic profile, sexual history, pathologic features, and human papillomavirus status of 103 patients with penile carcinoma, World J Urol, 2013. 31(4): p. 861-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116602

56. Alemany, L., Cubilla, A., Halec, G., Kasamatsu, E., Quiros, B., Masferrer, E., et.al. Role of Human Papillomavirus in Penile Carcinomas Worldwide, Eur Urol, 2016. 69(5): p. 953-61., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762611

57. Daling, J. R., Madeleine, M. M., Johnson, L. G., Schwartz, S. M., Shera, K. A., Wurscher, M. A., et.al. Penile cancer: importance of circumcision, human papillomavirus and smoking in in situ and invasive disease, Int J Cancer, 2005. 116(4): p. 606-16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15825185

58. Diorio, G. J., Giuliano, A. R., The Role of Human Papilloma Virus in Penile Carcinogenesis and Preneoplastic Lesions: A Potential Target for Vaccination and Treatment Strategies, Urol Clin North Am, 2016. 43(4): p. 419-425., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717428

59. Schneede P, Schlenker B., Humane Papillomaviren und Peniskarzinom. Überlegungen zu Präventionsmaßnahmen, Der Urologe, 2018. 57: p. 413-417., https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00120-018-0597-3.pdf

60. Schneede P, Ein Jahrzehnt der HPV-Impfung in Deutschland, Urologe, 2017. 56: p. 728-733., https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00120-017-0394-4.pdf

61. European AIDS Clinical Society, Guidelines, 2018. 9.1:

62. Deutsche AIDS-Gesellschaft, Deutsch-Österreichische S2k-Leitlinie: Anale Dysplasien und Analkarzinome bei HIV-Infizierten: Prävention, Diagnostik, Therapie, 2013. AWMF-Register Nr.: 055/007(Langversion):

63. Sanchez, D. F., Soares, F., Alvarado-Cabrero, I., Canete, S., Fernandez-Nestosa, M. J., Rodriguez, I. M., et.al. Pathological factors, behavior, and histological prognostic risk groups in subtypes of penile squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), Semin Diagn Pathol, 2015. 32(3): p. 222-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25677263

64. Cubilla, A. L., Velazquez, E. F., Young, R. H., Pseudohyperplastic squamous cell carcinoma of the penis associated with lichen sclerosus. An extremely well-differentiated, nonverruciform neoplasm that preferentially affects the foreskin and is frequently misdiagnosed: a report of 10 cases of a distinctive clinicopathologic entity, Am J Surg Pathol, 2004. 28(7): p. 895-900., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15223959

65. Stankiewicz, E., Kudahetti, S. C., Prowse, D. M., Ktori, E., Cuzick, J., Ambroisine, L., et.al. HPV infection and immunochemical detection of cell-cycle markers in verrucous carcinoma of the penis, Mod Pathol, 2009. 22(9): p. 1160-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465901

66. Mentrikoski, M. J., Frierson, H. F., Jr., Stelow, E. B., Cathro, H. P., Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the penis: association with human papilloma virus infection, Histopathology, 2014. 64(2): p. 312-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24117963

67. Barbagli, G., Guazzoni, G., Palminteri, E., Lazzeri, M., Anastomotic fibrous ring as cause of stricture recurrence after bulbar onlay graft urethroplasty, J Urol, 2006. 176(2): p. 614-9; discussion 619., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16813903

68. Downes, M. R., Review of in situ and invasive penile squamous cell carcinoma and associated non-neoplastic dermatological conditions, J Clin Pathol, 2015. 68(5): p. 333-40., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25883161

69. Perceau, G., Derancourt, C., Clavel, C., Durlach, A., Pluot, M., Lardennois, B., et.al. Lichen sclerosus is frequently present in penile squamous cell carcinomas but is not always associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus, Br J Dermatol, 2003. 148(5): p. 934-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12786823

70. Lindegaard, J. C., Nielsen, O. S., Lundbeck, F. A., Mamsen, A., Studstrup, H. N., von der Maase, H., A retrospective analysis of 82 cases of cancer of the penis, Br J Urol, 1996. 77(6): p. 883-90., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8705227

71. Qu, X. M., Siemens, D. R., Louie, A. V., Yip, D., Mahmud, A., Validation of predictors for lymph node status in penile cancer: Results from a population-based cohort, Can Urol Assoc J, 2018. 12(4): p. 119-125., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29319487

72. Theodorescu, D., Russo, P., Zhang, Z. F., Morash, C., Fair, W. R., Outcomes of initial surveillance of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and negative nodes, J Urol, 1996. 155(5): p. 1626-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8627839

73. Thuret, R., Sun, M., Abdollah, F., Budaus, L., Lughezzani, G., Liberman, D., et.al. Tumor grade improves the prognostic ability of American Joint Committee on Cancer stage in patients with penile carcinoma, J Urol, 2011. 185(2): p. 501-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167526

74. Velazquez, E. F., Ayala, G., Liu, H., Chaux, A., Zanotti, M., Torres, J., et.al. Histologic grade and perineural invasion are more important than tumor thickness as predictor of nodal metastasis in penile squamous cell carcinoma invading 5 to 10 mm, Am J Surg Pathol, 2008. 32(7): p. 974-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18460979

75. Kakies, Ch, Lopez-Beltran, A., Comperat, E., Erbersdobler, A., Grobholz, R., Hakenberg, O. W., et.al. Reproducibility of histopathologic tumor grading in penile cancer--results of a European project, Virchows Arch, 2014. 464(4): p. 453-61., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24535700

76. Ficarra, V., Akduman, B., Bouchot, O., Palou, J., Tobias-Machado, M., Prognostic factors in penile cancer, Urology, 2010. 76(2 Suppl 1): p. S66-73., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691887

77. Graafland, N. M., van Boven, H. H., van Werkhoven, E., Moonen, L. M., Horenblas, S., Prognostic significance of extranodal extension in patients with pathological node positive penile carcinoma, J Urol, 2010. 184(4): p. 1347-53., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723934

78. Sand, F. L., Rasmussen, C. L., Frederiksen, M. H., Andersen, K. K., Kjaer, S. K., Prognostic Significance of HPV and p16 Status in Men Diagnosed with Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2018. 27(10): p. 1123-1132., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29987099

79. Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Xiu, Y., Cheng, H., Gu, M., Song, N., Prognostic Significance of P16(INK4a) Expression in Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis, Biomed Res Int, 2018. 2018: p. 8345893., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30105253

80. Alves, G., Heller, A., Fiedler, W., Campos, M. M., Claussen, U., Ornellas, A. A., et.al. Genetic imbalances in 26 cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma, Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2001. 31(1): p. 48-53., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11284035

81. Feber, A., Arya, M., de Winter, P., Saqib, M., Nigam, R., Malone, P. R., et.al. Epigenetics markers of metastasis and HPV-induced tumorigenesis in penile cancer, Clin Cancer Res, 2015. 21(5): p. 1196-206., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25538261

82. Kayes, O. J., Loddo, M., Patel, N., Patel, P., Minhas, S., Ambler, G., et.al. DNA replication licensing factors and aneuploidy are linked to tumor cell cycle state and clinical outcome in penile carcinoma, Clin Cancer Res, 2009. 15(23): p. 7335-44., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19920109

83. Masferrer, E., Ferrandiz-Pulido, C., Lloveras, B., Masferrer-Niubo, M., Espinet, B., Salido, M., et.al. MYC copy number gains are associated with poor outcome in penile squamous cell carcinoma, J Urol, 2012. 188(5): p. 1965-71., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22999547

84. Ferrandiz-Pulido, C., Masferrer, E., Toll, A., Hernandez-Losa, J., Mojal, S., Pujol, R. M., et.al. mTOR signaling pathway in penile squamous cell carcinoma: pmTOR and peIF4E over expression correlate with aggressive tumor behavior, J Urol, 2013. 190(6): p. 2288-95., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23764082

85. Gunia, S., Kakies, C., Erbersdobler, A., Hakenberg, O. W., Koch, S., May, M., Expression of p53, p21 and cyclin D1 in penile cancer: p53 predicts poor prognosis, J Clin Pathol, 2012. 65(3): p. 232-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22135025

86. Liu, J. Y., Li, Y. H., Zhang, Z. L., Yao, K., Ye, Y. L., Xie, D., et.al. The risk factors for the presence of pelvic lymph node metastasis in penile squamous cell carcinoma patients with inguinal lymph node dissection, World J Urol, 2013. 31(6): p. 1519-24., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23455885

87. Lopes, A., Bezerra, A. L., Pinto, C. A., Serrano, S. V., de Mell, O. Ca, Villa, L. L., p53 as a new prognostic factor for lymph node metastasis in penile carcinoma: analysis of 82 patients treated with amputation and bilateral lymphadenectomy, J Urol, 2002. 168(1): p. 81-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12050497

88. Martins, A. C., Faria, S. M., Cologna, A. J., Suaid, H. J., Tucci, S., Jr., Immunoexpression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in penile carcinoma, J Urol, 2002. 167(1): p. 89-92; discussion 92-3., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11743282

89. McDaniel, A. S., Hovelson, D. H., Cani, A. K., Liu, C. J., Zhai, Y., Zhang, Y., et.al. Genomic Profiling of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Reveals New Opportunities for Targeted Therapy, Cancer Res, 2015. 75(24): p. 5219-27., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26670561

90. Necchi, A., Lo Vullo, S., Nicolai, N., Raggi, D., Giannatempo, P., Colecchia, M., et.al. Prognostic Factors of Adjuvant Taxane, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy for Patients With Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Regional Lymphadenectomy, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2016. 14(6): p. 518-523., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27050716

91. Rocha, R. M., Ignacio, J. A., Jordan, J., Carraro, D. M., Lisboa, B., Lopes, A., et.al. A clinical, pathologic, and molecular study of p53 and murine double minute 2 in penile carcinogenesis and its relation to prognosis, Hum Pathol, 2012. 43(4): p. 481-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21925707

92. Zhu, Y., Zhou, X. Y., Yao, X. D., Dai, B., Ye, D. W., The prognostic significance of p53, Ki-67, epithelial cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in penile squamous cell carcinoma treated with surgery, BJU Int, 2007. 100(1): p. 204-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17433031

93. Protzel, C., Knoedel, J., Zimmermann, U., Woenckhaus, C., Poetsch, M., Giebel, J., Expression of proliferation marker Ki67 correlates to occurrence of metastasis and prognosis, histological subtypes and HPV DNA detection in penile carcinomas, Histol Histopathol, 2007. 22(11): p. 1197-204., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17647192

94. Stankiewicz, E., Ng, M., Cuzick, J., Mesher, D., Watkin, N., Lam, W., et.al. The prognostic value of Ki-67 expression in penile squamous cell carcinoma, J Clin Pathol, 2012. 65(6): p. 534-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22447920

95. Ottenhof, S. R., Djajadiningrat, R. S., de Jong, J., Thygesen, H. H., Horenblas, S., Jordanova, E. S., Expression of Programmed Death Ligand 1 in Penile Cancer is of Prognostic Value and Associated with HPV Status, J Urol, 2017. 197(3 Pt 1): p. 690-697., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27697578

96. Udager, A. M., Liu, T. Y., Skala, S. L., Magers, M. J., McDaniel, A. S., Spratt, D. E., et.al. Frequent PD-L1 expression in primary and metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma: potential opportunities for immunotherapeutic approaches, Ann Oncol, 2016. 27(9): p. 1706-12., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27217541

97. Velazquez, E. F., Barreto, J. E., Rodriguez, I., Piris, A., Cubilla, A. L., Limitations in the interpretation of biopsies in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma, Int J Surg Pathol, 2004. 12(2): p. 139-46., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15173919

98. Algaba, F., Arce, Y., Lopez-Beltran, A., Montironi, R., Mikuz, G., Bono, A. V., et.al. Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis in urological oncology, Eur Urol, 2005. 47(2): p. 129-36., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15661406

99. Velazquez, E. F., Soskin, A., Bock, A., Codas, R., Barreto, J. E., Cubilla, A. L., Positive resection margins in partial penectomies: sites of involvement and proposal of local routes of spread of penile squamous cell carcinoma, Am J Surg Pathol, 2004. 28(3): p. 384-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15104302

100. Wittekind, C., TNM Klassifikation Maligner Tumoren, Wiley-VCH Verlag Weinheim, Deutschland, 2017. 8. Auflage:

101. American Cancer Society, Survival Rates for Penile Cancer, 2019., https://www.cancer.org/cancer/penile-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/survival-rates.html

102. Novara, G., Galfano, A., De Marco, V., Artibani, W., Ficarra, V., Prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, Nat Clin Pract Urol, 2007. 4(3): p. 140-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17347658

103. EAU, EAU Guidelines on Penile Cancer, Hakenberg OW, Minhas ES, Necchi A, Protzel C, Watkin N, Compérat E, Robinson R, 2018. European Association of Urology(Arnhem, The Netherlands):

104. PEG, S2k Leitlinie: HPV-assoziierte Läsionen der äußeren Genitalregion und des Anus – Genitalwarzen und Krebsvorstufen der Vulva, des Penis und der peri- und intraanalen Haut, AWMF-Registernummer: 082-008, 2017.

105. Schneede P, Schlenker B., Anogenitale Warzen und HPV-assoziierte Präkanzerosen, Der Urologe, 2018. 57: p. 453-457., https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00120-018-0580-z.pdf

106. de Vries, H. M., Brouwer, O. R., Heijmink, S., Horenblas, S., Vegt, E., Recent developments in penile cancer imaging, Curr Opin Urol, 2019. 29(2): p. 150-155., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30601182

107. Hanchanale, V., Yeo, L., Subedi, N., Smith, J., Wah, T., Harnden, P., et.al. The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the invasion of the tunica albuginea and the urethra during the primary staging of penile cancer, BJU Int, 2016. 117(3): p. 439-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25600638

108. Lont, A. P., Besnard, A. P., Gallee, M. P., van Tinteren, H., Horenblas, S., A comparison of physical examination and imaging in determining the extent of primary penile carcinoma, BJU Int, 2003. 91(6): p. 493-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12656901

109. Scher, B., Seitz, M., Reiser, M., Hungerhuber, E., Hahn, K., Tiling, R., et.al. 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging of penile cancer, J Nucl Med, 2005. 46(9): p. 1460-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16157528

110. Ravi, R., Correlation between the extent of nodal involvement and survival following groin dissection for carcinoma of the penis, Br J Urol, 1993. 72(5 Pt 2): p. 817-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8281416

111. Zhu, Y., Ye, D. W., Lymph node metastases and prognosis in penile cancer, Chin J Cancer Res, 2012. 24(2): p. 90-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23359765

112. Hughes, B. E., Leijte, J. A., Kroon, B. K., Shabbir, M. A., Swallow, T. W., Heenan, S. D., et.al. Lymph node metastasis in intermediate-risk penile squamous cell cancer: a two-centre experience, Eur Urol, 2010. 57(4): p. 688-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19647926

113. Jakobsen, J. K., Alslev, L., Ipsen, P., Costa, J. C., Krarup, K. P., Sommer, P., et.al. DaPeCa-3: promising results of sentinel node biopsy combined with (18) F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in clinically lymph node-negative patients with penile cancer - a national study from Denmark, BJU Int, 2016. 118(1): p. 102-11., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26216234

114. Horenblas, S., van Tinteren, H., Delemarre, J. F., Moonen, L. M., Lustig, V., van Waardenburg, E. W., Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. III. Treatment of regional lymph nodes, J Urol, 1993. 149(3): p. 492-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8437253

115. Naumann, C. M., Alkatout, I., Al-Najar, A., Korda, J. B., Hegele, A., Bolenz, C., et.al. Lymph-node metastases in intermediate-risk squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, BJU Int, 2008. 102(9): p. 1102-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18489528

116. Naumann, C. M., Filippow, N., Seif, C., van der Horst, C., Roelver, L., Braun, P. M., et.al. Penile carcinoma (pT1 G2): surveillance or inguinal lymph node dissection?, Onkologie, 2005. 28(3): p. 135-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15772463

117. Naumann, C. M., van der Horst, C., Volkmer, B., Kurtz, F., Martinez Portillo, F. J., Seif, C., et.al. [The influence of the T stage on the risk of metastasis of penis cancer: T1 vs. T2], Urologe A, 2006. 45(11): p. 1424, 1426-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16906416

118. Bouchot, O., Rigaud, J., Maillet, F., Hetet, J. F., Karam, G., Morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy for invasive penile carcinoma, Eur Urol, 2004. 45(6): p. 761-5; discussion 765-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15149749

119. Ravi, R., Prophylactic lymphadenectomy vs observation vs inguinal biopsy in node-negative patients with invasive carcinoma of the penis, Jpn J Clin Oncol, 1993. 23(1): p. 53-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8459642

120. Crawshaw, J. W., Hadway, P., Hoffland, D., Bassingham, S., Corbishley, C. M., Smith, Y., et.al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy using dynamic lymphoscintigraphy combined with ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration in penile carcinoma, Br J Radiol, 2009. 82(973): p. 41-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19095815

121. Lam, W., Alnajjar, H. M., La-Touche, S., Perry, M., Sharma, D., Corbishley, C., et.al. Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a prospective study of the long-term outcome of 500 inguinal basins assessed at a single institution, Eur Urol, 2013. 63(4): p. 657-63., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153743

122. Saad, Z. Z., Omorphos, S., Michopoulou, S., Gacinovic, S., Malone, P., Nigam, R., et.al. Investigating the role of SPECT/CT in dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy for penile cancers, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 2017. 44(7): p. 1176-1184., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28175934

123. Markuszewski, M., Polom, W., Cytawa, W., Czapiewski, P., Lass, P., Matuszewski, M., Comparison of Real-Time Fluorescent Indocyanine Green and (99m)Tc-Nanocolloid Radiotracer Navigation in Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy of Penile Cancer, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2015. 13(6): p. 574-80., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231913

124. Bloom, J. B., Stern, M., Patel, N. H., Zhang, M., Phillips, J. L., Detection of lymph node metastases in penile cancer, Transl Androl Urol, 2018. 7(5): p. 879-886., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30456191

125. Mehralivand, S., van der Poel, H., Winter, A., Choyke, P. L., Pinto, P. A., Turkbey, B., Sentinel lymph node imaging in urologic oncology, Transl Androl Urol, 2018. 7(5): p. 887-902., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30456192

126. Sadeghi, R., Gholami, H., Zakavi, S. R., Kakhki, V. R., Horenblas, S., Accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT for diagnosing inguinal lymph node involvement in penile squamous cell carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature, Clin Nucl Med, 2012. 37(5): p. 436-41., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22475891

127. Rosevear, H. M., Williams, H., Collins, M., Lightfoot, A. J., Coleman, T., Brown, J. A., Utility of (1)(8)F-FDG PET/CT in identifying penile squamous cell carcinoma metastatic lymph nodes, Urol Oncol, 2012. 30(5): p. 723-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21396850

128. O'Brien, J. S., Perera, M., Manning, T., Bozin, M., Cabarkapa, S., Chen, E., et.al. Penile Cancer: Contemporary Lymph Node Management, J Urol, 2017. 197(6): p. 1387-1395., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28115191

129. Graafland, N. M., Leijte, J. A., Valdes Olmos, R. A., Hoefnagel, C. A., Teertstra, H. J., Horenblas, S., Scanning with 18F-FDG-PET/CT for detection of pelvic nodal involvement in inguinal node-positive penile carcinoma, Eur Urol, 2009. 56(2): p. 339-45., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19477581

130. Zhang, S., Li, W., Liang, F., Clinical value of fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in penile cancer, Oncotarget, 2016. 7(30): p. 48600-48606., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27203206

131. Protzel, C., Alcaraz, A., Horenblas, S., Pizzocaro, G., Zlotta, A., Hakenberg, O. W., Lymphadenectomy in the surgical management of penile cancer, Eur Urol, 2009. 55(5): p. 1075-88., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264390

132. Minhas, S., Kayes, O., Hegarty, P., Kumar, P., Freeman, A., Ralph, D., What surgical resection margins are required to achieve oncological control in men with primary penile cancer?, BJU Int, 2005. 96(7): p. 1040-3., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16225525

133. Leijte, J. A., Kirrander, P., Antonini, N., Windahl, T., Horenblas, S., Recurrence patterns of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: recommendations for follow-up based on a two-centre analysis of 700 patients, Eur Urol, 2008. 54(1): p. 161-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18440124

134. Philippou, P., Shabbir, M., Malone, P., Nigam, R., Muneer, A., Ralph, D. J., et.al. Conservative surgery for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: resection margins and long-term oncological control, J Urol, 2012. 188(3): p. 803-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22818137

135. Romero, F. R., Romero, K. R., Mattos, M. A., Garcia, C. R., Fernandes Rde, C., Perez, M. D., Sexual function after partial penectomy for penile cancer, Urology, 2005. 66(6): p. 1292-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16360459

136. Das, S., Penile amputations for the management of primary carcinoma of the penis, Urol Clin North Am, 1992. 19(2): p. 277-82., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1574818

137. Engelsgjerd JS, LaGrange CA, Cancer, PenileStatPearls [Internet], 2019., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK499930/

138. Zukiwskyj, M., Daly, P., Chung, E., Penile cancer and phallus preservation strategies: a review of current literature, BJU Int, 2013. 112 Suppl 2: p. 21-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127672

139. Sedigh, O., Falcone, M., Ceruti, C., Timpano, M., Preto, M., Oderda, M., et.al. Sexual function after surgical treatment for penile cancer: Which organ-sparing approach gives the best results?, Can Urol Assoc J, 2015. 9(7-8): p. E423-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26279710

140. Hegarty, P. K., Eardley, I., Heidenreich, A., McDougal, W. S., Minhas, S., Spiess, P. E., et.al. Penile cancer: organ-sparing techniques, BJU Int, 2014. 114(6): p. 799-805., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24053403

141. Shabbir, M., Muneer, A., Kalsi, J., Shukla, C. J., Zacharakis, E., Garaffa, G., et.al. Glans resurfacing for the treatment of carcinoma in situ of the penis: surgical technique and outcomes, Eur Urol, 2011. 59(1): p. 142-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21050658

142. Mikhail, G. R., Cancers, precancers, and pseudocancers on the male genitalia. A review of clinical appearances, histopathology, and management, J Dermatol Surg Oncol, 1980. 6(12): p. 1027-35., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259230

143. Buechner, S. A., Common skin disorders of the penis, BJU Int, 2002. 90(5): p. 498-506., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175386

144. Paoli, J., Ternesten Bratel, A., Lowhagen, G. B., Stenquist, B., Forslund, O., Wennberg, A. M., Penile intraepithelial neoplasia: results of photodynamic therapy, Acta Derm Venereol, 2006. 86(5): p. 418-21., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16955186

145. van Bezooijen, B. P., Horenblas, S., Meinhardt, W., Newling, D. W., Laser therapy for carcinoma in situ of the penis, J Urol, 2001. 166(5): p. 1670-1., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11586199

146. Schlenker, B., Gratzke, C., Seitz, M., Bader, M. J., Reich, O., Schneede, P., et.al. Fluorescence-guided laser therapy for penile carcinoma and precancerous lesions: long-term follow-up, Urol Oncol, 2011. 29(6): p. 788-93., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19945305

147. Schlenker, B., Tilki, D., Seitz, M., Bader, M. J., Reich, O., Schneede, P., et.al. Organ-preserving neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser therapy for penile carcinoma: a long-term follow-up, BJU Int, 2010. 106(6): p. 786-90., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20089106

148. Alnajjar, H. M., Lam, W., Bolgeri, M., Rees, R. W., Perry, M. J., Watkin, N. A., Treatment of carcinoma in situ of the glans penis with topical chemotherapy agents, Eur Urol, 2012. 62(5): p. 923-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22421082

149. Bandieramonte, G., Colecchia, M., Mariani, L., Lo Vullo, S., Pizzocaro, G., Piva, L., et.al. Peniscopically controlled CO2 laser excision for conservative treatment of in situ and T1 penile carcinoma: report on 224 patients, Eur Urol, 2008. 54(4): p. 875-82., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18243513

150. Torelli, T., Catanzaro, M. A., Nicolai, N., Giannatempo, P., Necchi, A., Raggi, D., et.al. Treatment of Carcinoma In Situ of the Glans Penis With Topical Imiquimod Followed by Carbon Dioxide Laser Excision, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2017. 15(3): p. e483-e487., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28209454

151. Mahto, M., Nathan, M., O'Mahony, C., More than a decade on: review of the use of imiquimod in lower anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia, Int J STD AIDS, 2010. 21(1): p. 8-16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20029061

152. Deen, K., Burdon-Jones, D., Imiquimod in the treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia: An update, Australas J Dermatol, 2017. 58(2): p. 86-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26952903

153. Lucky, M., Murthy, K. V., Rogers, B., Jones, S., Lau, M. W., Sangar, V. K., et.al. The treatment of penile carcinoma in situ (CIS) within a UK supra-regional network, BJU Int, 2015. 115(4): p. 595-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25060513

154. Alessi, S. S., Sanches, J. A., Oliveira, W. R., Messina, M. C., Pimentel, E. R., Festa Neto, C., Treatment of cutaneous tumors with topical 5% imiquimod cream, Clinics (Sao Paulo), 2009. 64(10): p. 961-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19841702

155. Manjunath, A., Brenton, T., Wylie, S., Corbishley, C. M., Watkin, N. A., Topical Therapy for non-invasive penile cancer (Tis)-updated results and toxicity, Transl Androl Urol, 2017. 6(5): p. 803-808., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29184776

156. Meijer, R. P., Boon, T. A., van Venrooij, G. E., Wijburg, C. J., Long-term follow-up after laser therapy for penile carcinoma, Urology, 2007. 69(4): p. 759-62., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17445665

157. Tang, D. H., Yan, S., Ottenhof, S. R., Draeger, D., Baumgarten, A. S., Chipollini, J., et.al. Laser ablation as monotherapy for penile squamous cell carcinoma: A multi-center cohort analysis, Urol Oncol, 2018. 36(4): p. 147-152., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29097087

158. Maranda, E. L., Nguyen, A. H., Lim, V. M., Shah, V. V., Jimenez, J. J., Erythroplasia of Queyrat treated by laser and light modalities: a systematic review, Lasers Med Sci, 2016. 31(9): p. 1971-1976., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27324019

159. Zreik, A., Rewhorn, M., Vint, R., Khan, R., Hendry, D., Carbon dioxide laser treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia, Surgeon, 2017. 15(6): p. 321-324., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27964825

160. Boon, T. A., Sapphire probe laser surgery for localized carcinoma of the penis, Eur J Surg Oncol, 1988. 14(2): p. 193-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3360162

161. Malloy, T. R., Wein, A. J., Carpiniello, V. L., Carcinoma of penis treated with neodymium YAG laser, Urology, 1988. 31(1): p. 26-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3336924

162. Frimberger, D., Hungerhuber, E., Zaak, D., Waidelich, R., Hofstetter, A., Schneede, P., Penile carcinoma. Is Nd:YAG laser therapy radical enough?, J Urol, 2002. 168(6): p. 2418-21; discussion 2421., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12441930

163. Cardamakis, E., Relakis, K., Ginopoulos, P., Korantzis, A., Metalinos, K., Stathopoulos, E., et.al. Treatment of penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) with interferon alpha-2a, CO2 laser (vaporization) and 5-fluorouracil 5% (5-FU), Eur J Gynaecol Oncol, 1997. 18(5): p. 410-3., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9378164

164. Windahl, T., Andersson, S. O., Combined laser treatment for penile carcinoma: results after long-term followup, J Urol, 2003. 169(6): p. 2118-21., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12771731

165. Musi, G., Russo, A., Conti, A., Mistretta, F. A., Di Trapani, E., Luzzago, S., et.al. Thulium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Tm:YAG) laser treatment of penile cancer: oncological results, functional outcomes, and quality of life, World J Urol, 2018. 36(2): p. 265-270., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197968

166. Hadway, P., Corbishley, C. M., Watkin, N. A., Total glans resurfacing for premalignant lesions of the penis: initial outcome data, BJU Int, 2006. 98(3): p. 532-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16925748

167. Palminteri, E., Berdondini, E., Lazzeri, M., Mirri, F., Barbagli, G., Resurfacing and reconstruction of the glans penis, Eur Urol, 2007. 52(3): p. 893-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17275169

168. Hakansson, U., Kirrander, P., Uvelius, B., Baseckas, G., Torbrand, C., Organ-sparing reconstructive surgery in penile cancer: initial experiences at two Swedish referral centres, Scand J Urol, 2015. 49(2): p. 149-54., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313620

169. O'Kelly, F., Lonergan, P., Lundon, D., Nason, G., Sweeney, P., Cullen, I., et.al. A Prospective Study of Total Glans Resurfacing for Localized Penile Cancer to Maximize Oncologic and Functional Outcomes in a Tertiary Referral Network, J Urol, 2017. 197(5): p. 1258-1263., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28027867

170. Chipollini, J., Yan, S., Ottenhof, S. R., Zhu, Y., Draeger, D., Baumgarten, A. S., et.al. Surgical management of penile carcinoma in situ: results from an international collaborative study and review of the literature, BJU Int, 2018. 121(3): p. 393-398., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28972681

171. Kamel, M. H., Bissada, N., Warford, R., Farias, J., Davis, R., Organ Sparing Surgery for Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review, J Urol, 2017. 198(4): p. 770-779., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28286072

172. Pompeo, A. C., Zequi Sde, C., Pompeo, A. S., Penile cancer: organ-sparing surgery, Curr Opin Urol, 2015. 25(2): p. 121-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599291

173. Albersen, M., Parnham, A., Joniau, S., Sahdev, V., Christodoulidou, M., Castiglione, F., et.al. Predictive factors for local recurrence after glansectomy and neoglans reconstruction for penile squamous cell carcinoma, Urol Oncol, 2018. 36(4): p. 141-146., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28882673

174. Parnham, A. S., Albersen, M., Sahdev, V., Christodoulidou, M., Nigam, R., Malone, P., et.al. Glansectomy and Split-thickness Skin Graft for Penile Cancer, Eur Urol, 2018. 73(2): p. 284-289., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746062

175. Smith, Y., Hadway, P., Biedrzycki, O., Perry, M. J., Corbishley, C., Watkin, N. A., Reconstructive surgery for invasive squamous carcinoma of the glans penis, Eur Urol, 2007. 52(4): p. 1179-85., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17349734

176. Tang, D. H., Yan, S., Ottenhof, S. R., Draeger, D., Baumgarten, A. S., Chipollini, J., et.al. Glansectomy as Primary Management of Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An International Study Collaboration, Urology, 2017. 109: p. 140-144., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28818536

177. Ficarra, V., D'Amico, A., Cavalleri, S., Zanon, G., Mofferdin, A., Schiavone, D., et.al. Surgical treatment of penile carcinoma: our experience from 1976 to 1997, Urol Int, 1999. 62(4): p. 234-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10567891

178. Lont, A. P., Gallee, M. P., Meinhardt, W., van Tinteren, H., Horenblas, S., Penis conserving treatment for T1 and T2 penile carcinoma: clinical implications of a local recurrence, J Urol, 2006. 176(2): p. 575-80; discussion 580., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16813892

179. Rempelakos, A., Bastas, E., Lymperakis, C. H., Thanos, A., Carcinoma of the penis: experience from 360 cases, J BUON, 2004. 9(1): p. 51-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17385828

180. Veeratterapillay, R., Teo, L., Asterling, S., Greene, D., Oncologic Outcomes of Penile Cancer Treatment at a UK Supraregional Center, Urology, 2015. 85(5): p. 1097-1103., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25769781

181. Gunia, S., Koch, S., Jain, A., May, M., Does the width of the surgical margin of safety or premalignant dermatoses at the negative surgical margin affect outcome in surgically treated penile cancer?, J Clin Pathol, 2014. 67(3): p. 268-71., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24100380

182. Sri, D., Sujenthiran, A., Lam, W., Minter, J., Tinwell, B. E., Corbishley, C. M., et.al. A study into the association between local recurrence rates and surgical resection margins in organ-sparing surgery for penile squamous cell cancer, BJU Int, 2018. 122(4): p. 576-582., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29604228

183. Agrawal, A., Pai, D., Ananthakrishnan, N., Smile, S. R., Ratnakar, C., The histological extent of the local spread of carcinoma of the penis and its therapeutic implications, BJU Int, 2000. 85(3): p. 299-301., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10671885

184. Hasan, S., Francis, A., Hagenauer, A., Hirsh, A., Kaminsky, D., Traughber, B., et.al. The role of brachytherapy in organ preservation for penile cancer: A meta-analysis and review of the literature, Brachytherapy, 2015. 14(4): p. 517-24., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25944394

185. Krieg, R. M., Luk, K. H., Carcinoma of penis. Review of cases treated by surgery and radiation therapy 1960-1977, Urology, 1981. 18(2): p. 149-54., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7269017

186. Zouhair, A., Coucke, P. A., Jeanneret, W., Douglas, P., Do, H. P., Jichlinski, P., et.al. Radiation therapy alone or combined surgery and radiation therapy in squamous-cell carcinoma of the penis?, Eur J Cancer, 2001. 37(2): p. 198-203., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11166146

187. Mulherkar, R., Hasan, S., Wegner, R. E., Verma, V., Glaser, S. M., Kalash, R., et.al. National patterns of care for early-stage penile cancers in the United States: How is radiation and brachytherapy utilized?, Brachytherapy, 2019. 18(4): p. 503-509., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31126857

188. Korzeniowski, M. A., Crook, J. M., Contemporary role of radiotherapy in the management of penile cancer, Transl Androl Urol, 2017. 6(5): p. 855-867., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29184783

189. Crook, J., Ma, C., Grimard, L., Radiation therapy in the management of the primary penile tumor: an update, World J Urol, 2009. 27(2): p. 189-96., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18636264

190. Sharma, D. N., Joshi, N. P., Gandhi, A. K., Haresh, K. P., Gupta, S., Julka, P. K., et.al. High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for T1-T2-stage penile carcinoma: short-term results, Brachytherapy, 2014. 13(5): p. 481-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037912

191. Kellas-Sleczka, S., Bialas, B., Fijalkowski, M., Wojcieszek, P., Szlag, M., Cholewka, A., et.al. Nineteen-year single-center experience in 76 patients with penile cancer treated with high-dose-rate brachytherapy, Brachytherapy, 2019. 18(4): p. 493-502., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31101437

192. de Crevoisier, R., Slimane, K., Sanfilippo, N., Bossi, A., Albano, M., Dumas, I., et.al. Long-term results of brachytherapy for carcinoma of the penis confined to the glans (N- or NX), Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2009. 74(4): p. 1150-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19395183

193. Hu, X., Huang, J., Wen, S., Fu, J., Chen, M., Comparison of efficacy between brachytherapy and penectomy in patients with penile cancer: a meta-analysis, Oncotarget, 2017. 8(59): p. 100469-100477., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29245993

194. el-Demiry, M. I., Oliver, R. T., Hope-Stone, H. F., Blandy, J. P., Reappraisal of the role of radiotherapy and surgery in the management of carcinoma of the penis, Br J Urol, 1984. 56(6): p. 724-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6534498

195. Modig, H., Duchek, M., Sjodin, J. G., Carcinoma of the penis. Treatment by surgery or combined bleomycin and radiation therapy, Acta Oncol, 1993. 32(6): p. 653-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7505090

196. Ozsahin, M., Jichlinski, P., Weber, D. C., Azria, D., Zimmermann, M., Guillou, L., et.al. Treatment of penile carcinoma: to cut or not to cut?, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2006. 66(3): p. 674-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16949770

197. Zhang, K., Wan, X., Xu, H., Li, W., Zhou, J., Xu, M. X., et.al. Surgical treatment of advanced penile cancer, J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2017. 143(9): p. 1865-1870., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28493019

198. Djajadiningrat, R. S., van Werkhoven, E., Meinhardt, W., van Rhijn, B. W., Bex, A., van der Poel, H. G., et.al. Penile sparing surgery for penile cancer-does it affect survival?, J Urol, 2014. 192(1): p. 120-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373799

199. Leijte, J. A., Graafland, N. M., Valdes Olmos, R. A., van Boven, H. H., Hoefnagel, C. A., Horenblas, S., Prospective evaluation of hybrid 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in staging clinically node-negative patients with penile carcinoma, BJU Int, 2009. 104(5): p. 640-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19281465

200. Mueller-Lisse, U. G., Scher, B., Scherr, M. K., Seitz, M., Functional imaging in penile cancer: PET/computed tomography, MRI, and sentinel lymph node biopsy, Curr Opin Urol, 2008. 18(1): p. 105-10., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18090498

201. Kroon, B. K., Horenblas, S., Lont, A. P., Tanis, P. J., Gallee, M. P., Nieweg, O. E., Patients with penile carcinoma benefit from immediate resection of clinically occult lymph node metastases, J Urol, 2005. 173(3): p. 816-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15711276

202. McDougal, W. S., Carcinoma of the penis: improved survival by early regional lymphadenectomy based on the histological grade and depth of invasion of the primary lesion, J Urol, 1995. 154(4): p. 1364-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7658539

203. Djajadiningrat, R. S., Teertstra, H. J., van Werkhoven, E., van Boven, H. H., Horenblas, S., Ultrasound examination and fine needle aspiration cytology-useful for followup of the regional nodes in penile cancer?, J Urol, 2014. 191(3): p. 652-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23994372

204. Zou, Z. J., Liu, Z. H., Tang, L. Y., Wang, Y. J., Liang, J. Y., Zhang, R. C., et.al. Radiocolloid-based dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in penile cancer with clinically negative inguinal lymph node: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, Int Urol Nephrol, 2016. 48(12): p. 2001-2013., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27577753

205. Gomez-Ferrer, A., Rubio, J., Collado, A., Casanova, J., Dominguez, J., Ramirez, M., et.al. [Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in penile cancer. Indications, technique and results in a Spanish oncological center], Arch Esp Urol, 2015. 68(6): p. 524-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26179789

206. Jakobsen, J. K., Krarup, K. P., Sommer, P., Nerstrom, H., Bakholdt, V., Sorensen, J. A., et.al. DaPeCa-1: diagnostic accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy in 222 patients with penile cancer at four tertiary referral centres - a national study from Denmark, BJU Int, 2016. 117(2): p. 235-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25810028

207. Kathiresan, N., Raja, A., Ramachandran, K. K., Sundersingh, S., Role of dynamic sentinel node biopsy in carcinoma penis with or without palpable nodes, Indian J Urol, 2016. 32(1): p. 57-60., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26941496

208. Leijte, J. A., Kroon, B. K., Valdes Olmos, R. A., Nieweg, O. E., Horenblas, S., Reliability and safety of current dynamic sentinel node biopsy for penile carcinoma, Eur Urol, 2007. 52(1): p. 170-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17316967

209. Perdona, S., Autorino, R., De Sio, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Gallo, L., Damiano, R., et.al. Dynamic sentinel node biopsy in clinically node-negative penile cancer versus radical inguinal lymphadenectomy: a comparative study, Urology, 2005. 66(6): p. 1282-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16360457

210. Brouwer, O. R., van den Berg, N. S., Matheron, H. M., van der Poel, H. G., van Rhijn, B. W., Bex, A., et.al. A hybrid radioactive and fluorescent tracer for sentinel node biopsy in penile carcinoma as a potential replacement for blue dye, Eur Urol, 2014. 65(3): p. 600-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24355132

211. Horenblas, S., Minhas, S., Minimal Invasive Management of Lymph Nodes, Urol Clin North Am, 2016. 43(4): p. 449-456., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27717431

212. Ornellas, A. A., Kinchin, E. W., Nobrega, B. L., Wisnescky, A., Koifman, N., Quirino, R., Surgical treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: Brazilian National Cancer Institute long-term experience, J Surg Oncol, 2008. 97(6): p. 487-95., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18425779

213. Amr A. Atti, M.D., Hassen Abdalla, M.D., Samy Ramzy, M.D., Modified Inguinal Lymphadenectomy:Short and Long Term Follow Up for Penile Carcinoma, Journal of the Egyptian Nat. Cancer Inst, 2001. 13(2): p. June: 85-92.

214. Coblentz, T. R., Theodorescu, D., Morbidity of modified prophylactic inguinal lymphadenectomy for squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, J Urol, 2002. 168(4 Pt 1): p. 1386-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12352399

215. Kirrander, P., Sherif, A., Friedrich, B., Lambe, M., Hakansson, U., Steering Committee of the Swedish National Penile Cancer, Register, Swedish National Penile Cancer Register: incidence, tumour characteristics, management and survival, BJU Int, 2016. 117(2): p. 287-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25395083

216. Ornellas, A. A., Seixas, A. L., Marota, A., Wisnescky, A., Campos, F., de Moraes, J. R., Surgical treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: retrospective analysis of 350 cases, J Urol, 1994. 151(5): p. 1244-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7512656

217. Heyns, C. F., Fleshner, N., Sangar, V., Schlenker, B., Yuvaraja, T. B., van Poppel, H., Management of the lymph nodes in penile cancer, Urology, 2010. 76(2 Suppl 1): p. S43-57., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691885

218. Canter, D. J., Dobbs, R. W., Jafri, S. M., Herrel, L. A., Ogan, K., Delman, K. A., et.al. Functional, oncologic, and technical outcomes after endoscopic groin dissection for penile carcinoma, Can J Urol, 2012. 19(4): p. 6395-400., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892266

219. Cui, Y., Chen, H., Liu, L., Chen, Z., Chen, J., Qi, L., et.al. Saphenous vein sparing during laparoscopic bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile carcinoma patients, Int Urol Nephrol, 2016. 48(3): p. 363-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26660956

220. Djajadiningrat, R. S., van Werkhoven, E., Horenblas, S., Prophylactic pelvic lymph node dissection in patients with penile cancer, J Urol, 2015. 193(6): p. 1976-80., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25498573

221. Gopman, J. M., Djajadiningrat, R. S., Baumgarten, A. S., Espiritu, P. N., Horenblas, S., Zhu, Y., et.al. Predicting postoperative complications of inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer in an international multicentre cohort, BJU Int, 2015. 116(2): p. 196-201., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25777366

222. Johnson, T. V., Hsiao, W., Delman, K. A., Jani, A. B., Brawley, O. W., Master, V. A., Extensive inguinal lymphadenectomy improves overall 5-year survival in penile cancer patients: results from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, Cancer, 2010. 116(12): p. 2960-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20564401

223. Singh, A., Jaipuria, J., Goel, A., Shah, S., Bhardwaj, R., Baidya, S., et.al. Comparing Outcomes of Robotic and Open Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Carcinoma of the Penis, J Urol, 2018. 199(6): p. 1518-1525., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29307685

224. Li, Z. S., Yao, K., Chen, P., Zou, Z. J., Qin, Z. K., Liu, Z. W., et.al. Disease-specific survival after radical lymphadenectomy for penile cancer: prediction by lymph node count and density, Urol Oncol, 2014. 32(6): p. 893-900., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24994488

225. Soodana-Prakash, N., Koru-Sengul, T., Miao, F., Lopategui, D. M., Savio, L. F., Moore, K. J., et.al. Lymph node yield as a predictor of overall survival following inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer, Urol Oncol, 2018. 36(10): p. 471 e19-471 e27., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30143385

226. Ball, M. W., Schwen, Z. R., Ko, J. S., Meyer, A., Netto, G. J., Burnett, A. L., et.al. Lymph node density predicts recurrence and death after inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer, Investig Clin Urol, 2017. 58(1): p. 20-26., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28097264

227. Lughezzani, G., Catanzaro, M., Torelli, T., Piva, L., Biasoni, D., Stagni, S., et.al. Relationship between lymph node ratio and cancer-specific survival in a contemporary series of patients with penile cancer and lymph node metastases, BJU Int, 2015. 116(5): p. 727-33., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24128128

228. Stuiver, M. M., Djajadiningrat, R. S., Graafland, N. M., Vincent, A. D., Lucas, C., Horenblas, S., Early wound complications after inguinal lymphadenectomy in penile cancer: a historical cohort study and risk-factor analysis, Eur Urol, 2013. 64(3): p. 486-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23490726

229. Bevan-Thomas, R., Slaton, J. W., Pettaway, C. A., Contemporary morbidity from lymphadenectomy for penile squamous cell carcinoma: the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Experience, J Urol, 2002. 167(4): p. 1638-42., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11912379

230. Hegarty, P. K., Dinney, C. P., Pettaway, C. A., Controversies in ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy, Urol Clin North Am, 2010. 37(3): p. 421-34., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674697

231. Koifman, L., Hampl, D., Koifman, N., Vides, A. J., Ornellas, A. A., Radical open inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile carcinoma: surgical technique, early complications and late outcomes, J Urol, 2013. 190(6): p. 2086-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23770135

232. Yao, K., Tu, H., Li, Y. H., Qin, Z. K., Liu, Z. W., Zhou, F. J., et.al. Modified technique of radical inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile carcinoma: morbidity and outcome, J Urol, 2010. 184(2): p. 546-52., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20620415

233. La-Touche, S., Ayres, B., Lam, W., Alnajjar, H. M., Perry, M., Watkin, N., Trial of ligation versus coagulation of lymphatics in dynamic inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2012. 94(5): p. 344-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943231

234. Thuret, R., Sun, M., Lughezzani, G., Budaus, L., Liberman, D., Abdollah, F., et.al. A contemporary population-based assessment of the rate of lymph node dissection for penile carcinoma, Ann Surg Oncol, 2011. 18(2): p. 439-46., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20839061

235. Spiess, P. E, Penile Cancer: Diagnosis and TreatmentHumana Press, 2013.

236. Kumar, V., Sethia, K. K., Prospective study comparing video-endoscopic radical inguinal lymph node dissection (VEILND) with open radical ILND (OILND) for penile cancer over an 8-year period, BJU Int, 2017. 119(4): p. 530-534., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27628265

237. Tobias-Machado, M., Tavares, A., Silva, M. N., Molina, W. R., Jr., Forseto, P. H., Juliano, R. V., et.al. Can video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy achieve a lower morbidity than open lymph node dissection in penile cancer patients?, J Endourol, 2008. 22(8): p. 1687-91., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18657031

238. Wang, S., Du, P., Tang, X., An, C., Zhang, N., Yang, Y., Comparison of Efficiency of Video Endoscopy and Open Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection, Anticancer Res, 2017. 37(8): p. 4623-4628., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28739762

239. Yadav, S. S., Tomar, V., Bhattar, R., Jha, A. K., Priyadarshi, S., Video Endoscopic Inguinal Lymphadenectomy vs Open Inguinal Lymphadenectomy for Carcinoma Penis: Expanding Role and Comparison of Outcomes, Urology, 2018. 113: p. 79-84., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29155185

240. Lughezzani, G., Catanzaro, M., Torelli, T., Piva, L., Biasoni, D., Stagni, S., et.al. The relationship between characteristics of inguinal lymph nodes and pelvic lymph node involvement in penile squamous cell carcinoma: a single institution experience, J Urol, 2014. 191(4): p. 977-82., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262497

241. Pizzocaro, G., Piva, L., Adjuvant and neoadjuvant vincristine, bleomycin, and methotrexate for inguinal metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, Acta Oncol, 1988. 27(6b): p. 823-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466471

242. Sharma, P., Djajadiningrat, R., Zargar-Shoshtari, K., Catanzaro, M., Zhu, Y., Nicolai, N., et.al. Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved overall survival in pelvic node-positive penile cancer after lymph node dissection: a multi-institutional study, Urol Oncol, 2015. 33(11): p. 496 e17-23., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26072110

243. Giannatempo, Patrizia, Paganoni, Anna, Sangalli, Laura, Colecchia, Maurizio, Piva, Luigi, Catanzaro, Mario, et.al. Survival analyses of adjuvant or neoadjuvant combination of a taxane plus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (T-PF) in patients with bulky nodal metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (PSCC): Results of a single high-volume center, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2014. 32(4_suppl): p. 377-377., https://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.377

244. Robinson, R., Marconi, L., MacPepple, E., Hakenberg, O. W., Watkin, N., Yuan, Y., et.al. Risks and Benefits of Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Inguinal Lymphadenectomy in Node-positive Penile Cancer: A Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Penile Cancer Guidelines Panel, Eur Urol, 2018. 74(1): p. 76-83., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29703686

245. Franks, K. N., Kancherla, K., Sethugavalar, B., Whelan, P., Eardley, I., Kiltie, A. E., Radiotherapy for node positive penile cancer: experience of the Leeds teaching hospitals, J Urol, 2011. 186(2): p. 524-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21700296

246. Ravi, R., Chaturvedi, H. K., Sastry, D. V., Role of radiation therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the penis, Br J Urol, 1994. 74(5): p. 646-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7530129

247. Winters, B. R., Kearns, J. T., Holt, S. K., Mossanen, M., Lin, D. W., Wright, J. L., Is there a benefit to adjuvant radiation in stage III penile cancer after lymph node dissection? Findings from the National Cancer Database, Urol Oncol, 2018. 36(3): p. 92 e11-92 e16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29174944

248. Pizzocaro, G., Piva, L., Nicolai, N., [Treatment of lymphatic metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: experience at the National Tumor Institute of Milan], Arch Ital Urol Androl, 1996. 68(3): p. 169-72., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8767505

249. Nicolai, N., Sangalli, L. M., Necchi, A., Giannatempo, P., Paganoni, A. M., Colecchia, M., et.al. A Combination of Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil With a Taxane in Patients Who Underwent Lymph Node Dissection for Nodal Metastases From Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis: Treatment Outcome and Survival Analyses in Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Settings, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2016. 14(4): p. 323-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26341040

250. Necchi, A., Pond, G. R., Raggi, D., Ottenhof, S. R., Djajadiningrat, R. S., Horenblas, S., et.al. Clinical Outcomes of Perioperative Chemotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Penile Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: Results of a Multicenter Analysis, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2017. 15(5): p. 548-555 e3., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28325636

251. Van Poppel, H., Watkin, N. A., Osanto, S., Moonen, L., Horwich, A., Kataja, V., et.al. Penile cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, Ann Oncol, 2013. 24 Suppl 6(suppl_6): p. vi115-24., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23975666

252. National Comprehensive Cancer Network, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Penile cancer, 2018. Version 1.2018:

253. Tang, D. H., Djajadiningrat, R., Diorio, G., Chipollini, J., Ma, Z., Schaible, B. J., et.al. Adjuvant pelvic radiation is associated with improved survival and decreased disease recurrence in pelvic node-positive penile cancer after lymph node dissection: A multi-institutional study, Urol Oncol, 2017. 35(10): p. 605 e17-605 e23., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28666722

254. Protzel, C., Hakenberg, O. W., Chemotherapy in patients with penile carcinoma, Urol Int, 2009. 82(1): p. 1-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19172088

255. Mitropoulos, D., Dimopoulos, M. A., Kiroudi-Voulgari, A., Zervas, A., Dimopoulos, C., Logothetis, C. J., Neoadjuvant cisplatin and interferon-alpha 2B in the treatment and organ preservation of penile carcinoma, J Urol, 1994. 152(4): p. 1124-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8072080

256. Pizzocaro, G., Nicolai, N., Milani, A., Taxanes in combination with cisplatin and fluorouracil for advanced penile cancer: preliminary results, Eur Urol, 2009. 55(3): p. 546-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18649992

257. Pagliaro, L. C., Williams, D. L., Daliani, D., Williams, M. B., Osai, W., Kincaid, M., et.al. Neoadjuvant paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin chemotherapy for metastatic penile cancer: a phase II study, J Clin Oncol, 2010. 28(24): p. 3851-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20625118

258. Dickstein, R. J., Munsell, M. F., Pagliaro, L. C., Pettaway, C. A., Prognostic factors influencing survival from regionally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the penis after preoperative chemotherapy, BJU Int, 2016. 117(1): p. 118-25., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25294319

259. Djajadiningrat, R. S., Bergman, A. M., van Werkhoven, E., Vegt, E., Horenblas, S., Neoadjuvant taxane-based combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced penile cancer, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2015. 13(1): p. 44-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25009098

260. Graafland, N. M., Moonen, L. M., van Boven, H. H., van Werkhoven, E., Kerst, J. M., Horenblas, S., Inguinal recurrence following therapeutic lymphadenectomy for node positive penile carcinoma: outcome and implications for management, J Urol, 2011. 185(3): p. 888-93., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239009

261. Baumgarten, A. S., Alhammali, E., Hakky, T. S., Espiritu, P. N., Pow-Sang, J. M., Sexton, W. J., et.al. Salvage surgical resection for isolated locally recurrent inguinal lymph node metastasis of penile cancer: international study collaboration, J Urol, 2014. 192(3): p. 760-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24603104

262. Kattan, J., Culine, S., Droz, J. P., Fadel, E., Court, B., Perrin, J. L., et.al. Penile cancer chemotherapy: twelve years' experience at Institut Gustave-Roussy, Urology, 1993. 42(5): p. 559-62., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694417

263. Di Lorenzo, G., Buonerba, C., Federico, P., Perdona, S., Aieta, M., Rescigno, P., et.al. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in inoperable, stage IV squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, BJU Int, 2012. 110(11 Pt B): p. E661-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958571

264. Hussein, A. M., Benedetto, P., Sridhar, K. S., Chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil for penile and urethral squamous cell carcinomas, Cancer, 1990. 65(3): p. 433-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2297633

265. Shammas, F. V., Ous, S., Fossa, S. D., Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in advanced cancer of the penis, J Urol, 1992. 147(3): p. 630-2., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1538445

266. Haas, G. P., Blumenstein, B. A., Gagliano, R. G., Russell, C. A., Rivkin, S. E., Culkin, D. J., et.al. Cisplatin, methotrexate and bleomycin for the treatment of carcinoma of the penis: a Southwest Oncology Group study, J Urol, 1999. 161(6): p. 1823-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10332445

267. Houede, N., Dupuy, L., Flechon, A., Beuzeboc, P., Gravis, G., Laguerre, B., et.al. Intermediate analysis of a phase II trial assessing gemcitabine and cisplatin in locoregional or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma, BJU Int, 2016. 117(3): p. 444-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25601543

268. Liu, J. Y., Li, Y. H., Liu, Z. W., Zhang, Z. L., Ye, Y. L., Yao, K., et.al. Intraarterial chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin in locally advanced or recurrent penile squamous cell carcinoma, Chin J Cancer, 2013. 32(11): p. 619-23., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23668929

269. Di Lorenzo, G., Federico, P., Buonerba, C., Longo, N., Carteni, G., Autorino, R., et.al. Paclitaxel in pretreated metastatic penile cancer: final results of a phase 2 study, Eur Urol, 2011. 60(6): p. 1280-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21871710

270. Power, D. G., Galvin, D. J., Cuffe, S., McVey, G. P., Mulholland, P. J., Farrelly, C., et.al. Cisplatin and gemcitabine in the management of metastatic penile cancer, Urol Oncol, 2009. 27(2): p. 187-90., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18367122

271. Nicholson, S., Hall, E., Harland, S. J., Chester, J. D., Pickering, L., Barber, J., et.al. Phase II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin and 5FU chemotherapy in locally advanced and metastatic penis cancer (CRUK/09/001), Br J Cancer, 2013. 109(10): p. 2554-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169355

272. Theodore, C., Skoneczna, I., Bodrogi, I., Leahy, M., Kerst, J. M., Collette, L., et.al. A phase II multicentre study of irinotecan (CPT 11) in combination with cisplatin (CDDP) in metastatic or locally advanced penile carcinoma (EORTC PROTOCOL 30992), Ann Oncol, 2008. 19(7): p. 1304-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18417462

273. Pettaway, C. A., Pagliaro, L., Theodore, C., Haas, G., Treatment of visceral, unresectable, or bulky/unresectable regional metastases of penile cancer, Urology, 2010. 76(2 Suppl 1): p. S58-65., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691886

274. Gou, H. F., Li, X., Qiu, M., Cheng, K., Li, L. H., Dong, H., et.al. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-RAS signaling pathway in penile squamous cell carcinoma, PLoS One, 2013. 8(4): p. e62175., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637996

275. Necchi, A., Lo Vullo, S., Perrone, F., Raggi, D., Giannatempo, P., Calareso, G., et.al. First-line therapy with dacomitinib, an orally available pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, for locally advanced or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma: results of an open-label, single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 study, BJU Int, 2018. 121(3): p. 348-356., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28921872

276. Wu, J., Cheng, K., Yuan, L., Du, Y., Li, C., Chen, Y., et.al. Recurrent Penile Squamous Cell Carcinoma Successfully Treated With Cetuximab, Chemotherapy, and Radiotherapy, Clin Genitourin Cancer, 2016. 14(1): p. e135-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26585838

277. Stoehr, R., Wendler, O., Giedl, J., Gaisa, N. T., Richter, G., Campean, V., et.al. No Evidence of Microsatellite Instability and Loss of Mismatch-Repair-Protein Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis, Pathobiology, 2019. 86(2-3): p. 145-151., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30650417

278. Soderman, M., Thomsen, J. B., Sorensen, J. A., Complications following inguinal and ilioinguinal lymphadenectomies: a meta-analysis, J Plast Surg Hand Surg, 2016. 50(6): p. 315-320., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146716

279. Habermehl, D., Habl, G., Eckstein, H. H., Meisner, F., Combs, S. E., [Radiotherapeutic management of lymphatic fistulas : An effective but disregarded therapy option], Chirurg, 2017. 88(4): p. 311-316., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28083600

280. NCCN, Penile Cancer, 2018. 1.2018:

281. Maddineni, S. B., Lau, M. M., Sangar, V. K., Identifying the needs of penile cancer sufferers: a systematic review of the quality of life, psychosexual and psychosocial literature in penile cancer, BMC Urol, 2009. 9: p. 8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19664235

282. Bhat, G. S., Nelivigi, G., Barude, V., Shastry, A., Sexuality in Surgically Treated Carcinoma Penis Patients and Their Partners, Indian J Surg, 2018. 80(1): p. 19-23., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29581680

283. Ficarra, V., Righetti, R., D'Amico, A., Pilloni, S., Balzarro, M., Schiavone, D., et.al. General state of health and psychological well-being in patients after surgery for urological malignant neoplasms, Urol Int, 2000. 65(3): p. 130-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11054029

284. Sosnowski, R., Kulpa, M., Kosowicz, M., Wolski, J. K., Kuczkiewicz, O., Moskal, K., et.al. Quality of life in penile carcinoma patients - post-total penectomy, Cent European J Urol, 2016. 69(2): p. 204-11., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27551559

285. D'Ancona, C. A., Botega, N. J., De Moraes, C., Lavoura, N. S., Jr., Santos, J. K., Rodrigues Netto, N., Jr., Quality of life after partial penectomy for penile carcinoma, Urology, 1997. 50(4): p. 593-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9338738

286. Kieffer, J. M., Djajadiningrat, R. S., van Muilekom, E. A., Graafland, N. M., Horenblas, S., Aaronson, N. K., Quality of life for patients treated for penile cancer, J Urol, 2014. 192(4): p. 1105-10., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24747092

287. Sansalone, S., Silvani, M., Leonardi, R., Vespasiani, G., Iacovelli, V., Sexual outcomes after partial penectomy for penile cancer: results from a multi-institutional study, Asian J Androl, 2017. 19(1): p. 57-61., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26643562

288. Gulino, G., Sasso, F., Falabella, R., Bassi, P. F., Distal urethral reconstruction of the glans for penile carcinoma: results of a novel technique at 1-year of followup, J Urol, 2007. 178(3 Pt 1): p. 941-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17632177

289. Gulino, G., Sasso, F., Palermo, G., D'Onofrio, A., Racioppi, M., Sacco, E., et.al. Sexual outcomes after organ potency-sparing surgery and glans reconstruction in patients with penile carcinoma, Indian J Urol, 2013. 29(2): p. 119-23., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23956513

290. Gambachidze, D., Lebacle, C., Maroun, P., Escande, A., Bossi, A., Blanchard, P., et.al. Long-term evaluation of urinary, sexual, and quality of life outcomes after brachytherapy for penile carcinoma, Brachytherapy, 2018. 17(1): p. 221-226., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29089276

291. Opjordsmoen, S., Waehre, H., Aass, N., Fossa, S. D., Sexuality in patients treated for penile cancer: patients' experience and doctors' judgement, Br J Urol, 1994. 73(5): p. 554-60., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8012779

292. Windahl, T., Skeppner, E., Andersson, S. O., Fugl-Meyer, K. S., Sexual function and satisfaction in men after laser treatment for penile carcinoma, J Urol, 2004. 172(2): p. 648-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247753

293. Sohn, M., Dietrich, M., Wirthmann, A., Rieger, U. M., [Reconstructive surgery in penile cancer], Urologe A, 2018. 57(4): p. 428-434., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29536118

294. Bissada, N. K., Penile reconstruction after total penectomy or urethra-sparing total penectomy, J Urol, 1987. 137(6): p. 1173-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3586149

295. Virasoro, R., Tonkin, J. B., McCammon, K. A., Jordan, G. H., Penile Amputation: Cosmetic and Functional Results, Sex Med Rev, 2015. 3(3): p. 214-222., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27784611

296. Mortensen, G. L., Jakobsen, J. K., Patient perspectives on quality of life after penile cancer, Dan Med J, 2013. 60(7): p. A4655., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23809966

297. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin, Exulzerierende Wunden, 2014., https://www.dgpalliativmedizin.de/images/stories/pdf/Leitlinie_exulzerierende_Wunden_end.pdf

298. Ubogagu, E., Harris, D. G., Guideline for the management of terminal haemorrhage in palliative care patients with advanced cancer discharged home for end-of-life care, BMJ Support Palliat Care, 2012. 2(4): p. 294-300., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24654210

299. Cherny, N. I., Radbruch, L., Board of the European Association for Palliative, Care, European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC) recommended framework for the use of sedation in palliative care, Palliat Med, 2009. 23(7): p. 581-93., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19858355

300. Kramer A, Daschlein G, Kammerlander G, Konsensusempfehlung zur Auswahl von Wirkstoffen für die Wundantiseptik, Zeitschrift für Wundheilung, 2004. Nr. 03/2004:

301. Leung, E. Y., Tirlapur, S. A., Meads, C., The management of secondary lower limb lymphoedema in cancer patients: a systematic review, Palliat Med, 2015. 29(2): p. 112-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25135888

302. Oremus, M., Dayes, I., Walker, K., Raina, P., Systematic review: conservative treatments for secondary lymphedema, BMC Cancer, 2012. 12: p. 6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22216837

303. Leitlinie Lymphödem der Sektion Pflege der DGP, S2k Leitlinie Diagnostik und Therapie der Lymphödeme, AWMF Reg.-Nr. 058-001, 2014., https://www.dgpalliativmedizin.de/images/stories/pdf/Leitlinie_Lymphödem_end.pdf

304. Ridner, S. H., Dietrich, M. S., Development and validation of the Lymphedema Symptom and Intensity Survey-Arm, Support Care Cancer, 2015. 23(10): p. 3103-12., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25752884

305. Pottharst, A., Steckkönig, A., Aulitzky, W., Subkutane Drainage zur Behandlung des malignen Lymphödems in der palliativen Situation nach Versagen der komplexen physikalischen Entstauungstherapie, Zeitschrift für Palliativmedizin, 2009. 10(01): p. 51-54., https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0028-1090170

306. Rick, O, Onkologische Rehabilitation als „Initialzünder“, Fokus Onkologie, 2016. 4: p. 44-47.

307. Rick, O., Dauelsberg, T., Kalusche-Bontemps, E. M., Oncological Rehabilitation, Oncol Res Treat, 2017. 40(12): p. 772-777., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29183040

308. Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft für Rehabilitation, Arbeitshilfe für die Rehabilitation und Teilhabe von Menschen mit Krebserkrankung, Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag, 2013.

309. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG), Deutsche Krebshilfe (DKH), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF)),, Entwicklung von Leitlinien basierten Qualitätsindikatoren. Methodenpapier für das Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie., 2017. Version 2.0:, https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/methodik/grundlegende-informationen-zur-methodik/