Leitlinienprogramm OnkologiePalliativmedizin

28. Literaturverzeichnis – Palliativmedizin

Version 3.0 · Juli 2026 · AWMF 128-001OL
Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie · Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft · Deutsche Krebshilfe · AWMF

1. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Palliativmedizin (DGP), Leitlinien der DGP, Sektion Pflege: Übelkeit und Erbrechen, 2014., https://www.dgpalliativmedizin.de/images/stories/pdf/Leitlinie_Übelkeit_Erbrechen_end.pdf

2. Bausewein, C., Roller, S., Voltz, R., Leitfaden PalliativmedizinElsevier, 2007.

3. Hutton, N., Palliative care, time, and core values, Patient Educ Couns, 2005. 56(3): p. 255-6.

4. Teunissen, S. C., Wesker, W., Kruitwagen, C., de Haes, H. C., Voest, E. E., de Graeff, A., Symptom prevalence in patients with incurable cancer: a systematic review, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2007. 34(1): p. 94-104.

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7. Thrimawithana, TR, Spence, M, Lee, M, Naysoe, N, Hanna, S, Yako, G, et.al. The role of pharmacist in community palliative care-a scoping review., Int J Pharm Pract, 2024. 32 (3)(3): p. 194-200., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38584472/

8. Shrestha, R, Shrestha, S, Iqbal, A, Gülpınar, G, Pharmacist interventions in optimising opioid medication therapy in pain management for palliative care patients: A systematic review., J Oncol Pharm Pract, 2025. 31 (2)(2): p. 282-293., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40072914/

9. Robert Koch-Institut (Hrsg) und Deutsche Krebsregister e.V. (Hrsg), Krebs in Deutschland für 2021 –2023., 2025. 15.:

10. RKI, GEKID, Krebs in Deutschland 2009/2010Robert Koch-Institut, Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e.V., 2013. 9:

11. WHO, Global Atlas of Palliative Care at the End of LifeWorldwide Palliative Care Alliance, 2014.

13. Radbruch, L., Payne, S., White Paper on standards and norms for hospice and palliative care in Europe: part 2, European Journal of Palliative Care, 2010. 17(1): p. 22-33.

14. WHO, Palliative care, Geneva, 2007.

15. Radbruch, L., Payne, S., White Paper on standards and norms for hospice and palliative care in Europe: part 1, European Journal of Palliative Care, 2009. 16(6): p. 278-289.

16. Kaasa, S., Loge, J. H., Aapro, M., Albreht, T., Anderson, R., Bruera, E., et.al. Integration of oncology and palliative care: a Lancet Oncology Commission, Lancet Oncol, 2018. 19(11): p. e588-e653., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30344075

17. Barnestein-Fonseca, P, Nebro-Gil, A, Aguiar-Leiva, VP, Víbora-Martín, E, Ruiz-Torreras, I, Martín-Rosello, ML, Barriers and drivers of public engagement in palliative care, Scoping review., BMC Palliat Care, 2024. 23 (1)(1): p. 117., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38711035/

18. Stockler, M. R., Tattersall, M. H., Boyer, M. J., Clarke, S. J., Beale, P. J., Simes, R. J., Disarming the guarded prognosis: predicting survival in newly referred patients with incurable cancer, Br J Cancer, 2006. 94(2): p. 208-12.

19. WHO, Definition of Palliative CareWorld Health Organization, 2002.

20. Gaugler, J. E., Hanna, N., Linder, J., Given, C. W., Tolbert, V., Kataria, R., et.al. Cancer caregiving and subjective stress: a multi-site, multi-dimensional analysis, Psychooncology, 2005. 14(9): p. 771-85.

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24. Oldenmenger, W. H., Sillevis Smitt, P. A., van Dooren, S., Stoter, G., van der Rijt, C. C., A systematic review on barriers hindering adequate cancer pain management and interventions to reduce them: a critical appraisal, Eur J Cancer, 2009. 45(8): p. 1370-80.

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26. Yoong, SQ, Bhowmik, P, Kapparath, S, Porock, D, Palliative prognostic scores for survival prediction of cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis., J Natl Cancer Inst, 2024. 116 (6)(6): p. 829-857., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38366659/

27. ICSI, Health care guidelines: palliative care- 3d editionInstitute for Clinical Systems Improvement, 2009.

28. Ferrell, B. R., Temel, J. S., Temin, S., Alesi, E. R., Balboni, T. A., Basch, E. M., et.al. Integration of Palliative Care Into Standard Oncology Care: American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline Update, J Clin Oncol, 2017. 35(1): p. 96-112., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28034065

29. Moss, A. H., Lunney, J. R., Culp, S., Auber, M., Kurian, S., Rogers, J., et.al. Prognostic significance of the "surprise" question in cancer patients, J Palliat Med, 2010. 13(7): p. 837-40.

30. van Lummel, EV, Ietswaard, L, Zuithoff, NP, Tjan, DH, van Delden, JJ, The utility of the surprise question: A useful tool for identifying patients nearing the last phase of life? A systematic review and meta-analysis., Palliat Med, 2022. 36 (7)(7): p. 1023-1046., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35769037/

31. Bee, Penny E., Barnes, Pamela, Luker, Karen A., A systematic review of informal caregivers' needs in providing home-based end-of-life care to people with cancer, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 2009. 18(10): p. 1379-93.

32. Docherty, A., Owens, A., Asadi-Lari, M., Petchey, R., Williams, J., Carter, Y. H., Knowledge and information needs of informal caregivers in palliative care: a qualitative systematic review, Palliat Med, 2008. 22(2): p. 153-71.

33. Teunissen, S. C., Wesker, W., Kruitwagen, C., de Haes, H. C., Voest, E. E., de Graeff, A., Symptom prevalence in patients with incurable cancer: a systematic review, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2007. 34(1): p. 94-104.

34. Eagar, K., Gordon, R., Green, J., Smith, M., An Australian casemix classification for palliative care: lessons and policy implications of a national study, Palliat Med, 2004. 18(3): p. 227-33.

35. Lehmann, E, Hodiamont, F, Landmesser, M, Knobloch, CS, Nauck, F, Ostgathe, C, et.al. Adaptation of the Australian Palliative Care Phase concept to the German palliative care context: a mixed-methods approach using cognitive interviews and cross-sectional data., BMC Palliat Care, 2021. 20 (1)(1): p. 128., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34391419/

36. Stiel, S., Matthes, M. E., Bertram, L., Ostgathe, C., Elsner, F., Radbruch, L., [Validation of the new version of the minimal documentation system (MIDOS) for patients in palliative care : the German version of the edmonton symptom assessment scale (ESAS)], Schmerz, 2010. 24(6): p. 596-604.

37. Bruera, E., Kuehn, N., Miller, M. J., Selmser, P., Macmillan, K., The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS): a simple method for the assessment of palliative care patients, J Palliat Care, 1991. 7(2): p. 6-9.

38. Hearn, J., Higginson, I. J., Development and validation of a core outcome measure for palliative care: the palliative care outcome scale. Palliative Care Core Audit Project Advisory Group, Qual Health Care, 1999. 8(4): p. 219-27.

39. Bausewein, C., Le Grice, C., Simon, S., Higginson, I., The use of two common palliative outcome measures in clinical care and research: a systematic review of POS and STAS, Palliat Med, 2011. 25(4): p. 304-13.

40. Mehnert, A., Mueller, D., Lehmann, C., Koch, U., Die deutsche Version des NCCN Distress-Thermometers, Z Psychosom Med Psychother, 2006. 54(3): p. 213-223.

41. Ullrich, A, Bergelt, C, Marx, G, Daubmann, A, Benze, G, Heine, J, et.al. The CAREPAL-8: a short screening tool for multidimensional family caregiver burden in palliative care., BMC Palliat Care, 2024. 23 (1)(1): p. 195., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39095830/

42. Braun, M., Scholz, U., Hornung, R., Martin, M., The burden of spousal caregiving: a preliminary psychometric evaluation of the German version of the Zarit burden interview, Aging Ment Health, 2010. 14(2): p. 159-67.

43. Abernethy, A. P., Shelby-James, T., Fazekas, B. S., Woods, D., Currow, D. C., The Australia-modified Karnofsky Performance Status (AKPS) scale: a revised scale for contemporary palliative care clinical practice [ISRCTN81117481], BMC Palliat Care, 2005. 4: p. 7.

44. Oken, M. M., Creech, R. H., Tormey, D. C., Horton, J., Davis, T. E., McFadden, E. T., et.al. Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Am J Clin Oncol, 1982. 5(6): p. 649-55.

45. Katz, S., Ford, A. B., Moskowitz, R. W., Jackson, B. A., Jaffe, M. W., Studies of Illness in the Aged. The Index of Adl: A Standardized Measure of Biological and Psychosocial Function, JAMA, 1963. 185: p. 914-9.

46. Mahoney, F. I., Barthel, D. W., Functional Evaluation: The Barthel Index, Md State Med J, 1965. 14: p. 61-5.

47. Schneider, N., Mitchell, G. K., Murray, S. A., Palliative care in urgent need of recognition and development in general practice: the example of Germany, BMC Fam Pract, 2010. 11: p. 66.

48. Alt-Epping, B., Nauck, F., Schneider, N., Leben bis zuletzt. Hausärztliche und spezialisierte Palliativversorgung bei schwerstkranken Patienten., Der Hausarzt, 2012. 11: p. 43-46.

49. Gaertner, J., Siemens, W., Meerpohl, J. J., Antes, G., Meffert, C., Xander, C., et.al. Effect of specialist palliative care services on quality of life in adults with advanced incurable illness in hospital, hospice, or community settings: systematic review and meta-analysis, BMJ, 2017. 357: p. j2925., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28676557

50. Hui, D., Dos Santos, R., Chisholm, G., Bansal, S., Souza Crovador, C., Bruera, E., Bedside clinical signs associated with impending death in patients with advanced cancer: preliminary findings of a prospective, longitudinal cohort study, Cancer, 2015. 121(6): p. 960-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25676895

51. Hui, D., Meng, Y. C., Bruera, S., Geng, Y., Hutchins, R., Mori, M., et.al. Referral Criteria for Outpatient Palliative Cancer Care: A Systematic Review, Oncologist, 2016. 21(7): p. 895-901., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27185614

52. Adler, K., Schlieper, D., Kindgen-Milles, D., Meier, S., Schwartz, J., van Caster, P., et.al. [Integration of palliative care into intensive care : Systematic review], Anaesthesist, 2017. 66(9): p. 660-666., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28589374

53. Dalgaard, K. M., Bergenholtz, H., Nielsen, M. E., Timm, H., Early integration of palliative care in hospitals: A systematic review on methods, barriers, and outcome, Palliat Support Care, 2014. 12(6): p. 495-513., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24621947

54. Davis, M. P., Temel, J. S., Balboni, T., Glare, P., A review of the trials which examine early integration of outpatient and home palliative care for patients with serious illnesses, Ann Palliat Med, 2015. 4(3): p. 99-121., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26231807

55. Haun, M. W., Estel, S., Rucker, G., Friederich, H. C., Villalobos, M., Thomas, M., et.al. Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017. 6: p. CD011129., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28603881

56. Tassinari, D., Drudi, F., Monterubbianesi, M. C., Stocchi, L., Ferioli, I., Marzaloni, A., et.al. Early Palliative Care in Advanced Oncologic and Non-Oncologic Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Literature, Rev Recent Clin Trials, 2016. 11(1): p. 63-71., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26464077

57. Byrne, A, Torrens-Burton, A, Sivell, S, Moraes, FY, Bulbeck, H, Bernstein, M, et.al. Early palliative interventions for improving outcomes in people with a primary malignant brain tumour and their carers., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2022. 1 (1)(1): p. CD013440., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34988973/

58. Cui, J, Fang, P, Bai, J, Tan, L, Wan, C, Yu, L, Meta-Analysis of Effects of Early Palliative Care on Health-Related Outcomes Among Advanced Cancer Patients., Nurs Res 72 (6)(6): p. E180-E190., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37733650/

59. Huo, B, Song, Y, Chang, L, Tan, B, Effects of early palliative care on patients with incurable cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review., Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 2022. 31 (6)(6): p. e13620., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35612356/

60. Kochovska, S, Ferreira, DH, Luckett, T, Phillips, JL, Currow, DC, Earlier multidisciplinary palliative care intervention for people with lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Transl Lung Cancer Res, 2020. 9 (4)(4): p. 1699-1709., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32953543/

61. Shih, HH, Chang, HJ, Huang, TW, Effects of Early Palliative Care in Advanced Cancer Patients: A Meta-Analysis., Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 2022. 39 (11)(11): p. 1350-1357., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35232267/

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63. Garcia-Perez, L., Linertova, R., Martin-Olivera, R., Serrano-Aguilar, P., Benitez-Rosario, M. A., A systematic review of specialised palliative care for terminal patients: which model is better?, Palliat Med, 2009. 23(1): p. 17-22.

64. Higginson, I. J., Evans, C. J., What is the evidence that palliative care teams improve outcomes for cancer patients and their families?, Cancer J, 2010. 16(5): p. 423-35.

65. Higginson, I. J., Finlay, I. G., Goodwin, D. M., Hood, K., Edwards, A. G., Cook, A., et.al. Is there evidence that palliative care teams alter end-of-life experiences of patients and their caregivers?, Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 2003. 25(2): p. 150-68.

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1448. Fiori, E., Lamazza, A., Demasi, E., Decesare, A., Schillaci, A., Sterpetti, A. V., Endoscopic stenting for gastric outlet obstruction in patients with unresectable antro pyloric cancer. Systematic review of the literature and final results of a prospective study. The point of view of a surgical group, Am J Surg, 2013. 206(2): p. 210-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23735668

1449. No, J. H., Kim, S. W., Lim, C. H., Kim, J. S., Cho, Y. K., Park, J. M., et.al. Long-term outcome of palliative therapy for gastric outlet obstruction caused by unresectable gastric cancer in patients with good performance status: endoscopic stenting versus surgery, Gastrointest Endosc, 2013. 78(1): p. 55-62., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23522025

1450. van Hooft, J. E., van Halsema, E. E., Vanbiervliet, G., Beets-Tan, R. G., DeWitt, J. M., Donnellan, F., et.al. Self-expandable metal stents for obstructing colonic and extracolonic cancer: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline, Endoscopy, 2014. 46(11): p. 990-1053., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25325682

1451. Liang, T. W., Sun, Y., Wei, Y. C., Yang, D. X., Palliative treatment of malignant colorectal obstruction caused by advanced malignancy: a self-expanding metallic stent or surgery? A system review and meta-analysis, Surg Today, 2014. 44(1): p. 22-33., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23893158

1452. Mendelsohn, R. B., Gerdes, H., Markowitz, A. J., DiMaio, C. J., Schattner, M. A., Carcinomatosis is not a contraindication to enteral stenting in selected patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction, Gastrointest Endosc, 2011. 73(6): p. 1135-40., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21470604

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1454. Williams, D., Law, R., Pullyblank, A. M., Colorectal stenting in malignant large bowel obstruction: the learning curve, Int J Surg Oncol, 2011. 2011: p. 917848., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22312531

1455. Wancata, L. M., Hinshaw, D. B., Rethinking autonomy: decision making between patient and surgeon in advanced illnesses, Ann Transl Med, 2016. 4(4): p. 77., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27004224

1456. Krouse, R. S., McCahill, L. E., Easson, A. M., Dunn, G. P., When the sun can set on an unoperated bowel obstruction: management of malignant bowel obstruction, J Am Coll Surg, 2002. 195(1): p. 117-28., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12113535

1457. Henry, J. C., Pouly, S., Sullivan, R., Sharif, S., Klemanski, D., Abdel-Misih, S., et.al. A scoring system for the prognosis and treatment of malignant bowel obstruction, Surgery, 2012. 152(4): p. 747-56; discussion 756-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22929404

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1459. Wancata, L. M., Abdelsattar, Z. M., Suwanabol, P. A., Campbell, D. A., Jr., Hendren, S., Outcomes After Surgery for Benign and Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction, J Gastrointest Surg, 2017. 21(2): p. 363-371., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27783343

1460. Bilimoria, K. Y., Liu, Y., Paruch, J. L., Zhou, L., Kmiecik, T. E., Ko, C. Y., et.al. Development and evaluation of the universal ACS NSQIP surgical risk calculator: a decision aid and informed consent tool for patients and surgeons, J Am Coll Surg, 2013. 217(5): p. 833-42 e1-3., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24055383

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1462. Person, B., Ifargan, R., Lachter, J., Duek, S. D., Kluger, Y., Assalia, A., The impact of preoperative stoma site marking on the incidence of complications, quality of life, and patient's independence, Dis Colon Rectum, 2012. 55(7): p. 783-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22706131

1463. Klein, C., Stiel, S., Bukki, J., Ostgathe, C., [Pharmacological treatment of malignant bowel obstruction in severely ill and dying patients : a systematic literature review], Schmerz, 2012. 26(5): p. 587-99., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23052994

1464. Kaneishi, K., Kawabata, M., Morita, T., Olanzapine for the relief of nausea in patients with advanced cancer and incomplete bowel obstruction, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2012. 44(4): p. 604-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22771132

1465. Obita, G. P., Boland, E. G., Currow, D. C., Johnson, M. J., Boland, J. W., Somatostatin Analogues Compared With Placebo and Other Pharmacologic Agents in the Management of Symptoms of Inoperable Malignant Bowel Obstruction: A Systematic Review, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2016. 52(6): p. 901-919 e1., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27697568

1466. Feuer, D. J., Broadley, K. E., Corticosteroids for the resolution of malignant bowel obstruction in advanced gynaecological and gastrointestinal cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2000. p. CD001219., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796761

1467. Davis, M, Hui, D, Davies, A, Ripamonti, C, Capela, A, DeFeo, G, et.al. MASCC antiemetics in advanced cancer updated guideline., Support Care Cancer, 2021. 29 (12)(12): p. 8097-8107., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34398289/

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1470. Kaneishi, K, Imai, K, Nishimura, K, Sakurai, N, Kohara, H, Ishiki, H, et.al. Olanzapine versus Metoclopramide for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Advanced Cancer Patients with Incomplete Malignant Bowel Obstruction., J Palliat Med, 2020. 23 (7)(7): p. 880-881., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32609610/

1471. Schuurkes, J., Helsen, L., Ghoos, E., Eelen, J., J., van Nueten, Stimulation of gastroduodenal motor activity: Dopaminergic and cholinergic modulation, Drug Development Research, 1986. 8(1-4): p. 233-241.

1472. Currow, D. C., Quinn, S., Agar, M., Fazekas, B., Hardy, J., McCaffrey, N., et.al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of octreotide in malignant bowel obstruction, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2015. 49(5): p. 814-21., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25462210

1473. Mariani, P., Blumberg, J., Landau, A., Lebrun-Jezekova, D., Botton, E., Beatrix, O., et.al. Symptomatic treatment with lanreotide microparticles in inoperable bowel obstruction resulting from peritoneal carcinomatosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study, J Clin Oncol, 2012. 30(35): p. 4337-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23109694

1474. Mercadante, S., Ripamonti, C., Casuccio, A., Zecca, E., Groff, L., Comparison of octreotide and hyoscine butylbromide in controlling gastrointestinal symptoms due to malignant inoperable bowel obstruction, Support Care Cancer, 2000. 8(3): p. 188-91., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10789958

1475. Mystakidou, K., Tsilika, E., Kalaidopoulou, O., Chondros, K., Georgaki, S., Papadimitriou, L., Comparison of octreotide administration vs conservative treatment in the management of inoperable bowel obstruction in patients with far advanced cancer: a randomized, double- blind, controlled clinical trial, Anticancer Res, 2002. 22(2B): p. 1187-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12168923

1476. Peng, X., Wang, P., Li, S., Zhang, G., Hu, S., Randomized clinical trial comparing octreotide and scopolamine butylbromide in symptom control of patients with inoperable bowel obstruction due to advanced ovarian cancer, World J Surg Oncol, 2015. 13: p. 50., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25889313

1477. Ripamonti, C., Mercadante, S., Groff, L., Zecca, E., De Conno, F., Casuccio, A., Role of octreotide, scopolamine butylbromide, and hydration in symptom control of patients with inoperable bowel obstruction and nasogastric tubes: a prospective randomized trial, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2000. 19(1): p. 23-34., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10687323

1478. De Conno, F., Caraceni, A., Zecca, E., Spoldi, E., Ventafridda, V., Continuous subcutaneous infusion of hyoscine butylbromide reduces secretions in patients with gastrointestinal obstruction, J Pain Symptom Manage, 1991. 6(8): p. 484-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1720156

1479. Clark, K., Lam, L. T., Gibson, S., Currow, D., The effect of ranitidine versus proton pump inhibitors on gastric secretions: a meta-analysis of randomised control trials, Anaesthesia, 2009. 64(6): p. 652-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19453319

1480. Tuca, A., Roca, R., Sala, C., Porta, J., Serrano, G., Gonzalez-Barboteo, J., et.al. Efficacy of granisetron in the antiemetic control of nonsurgical intestinal obstruction in advanced cancer: a phase II clinical trial, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2009. 37(2): p. 259-70., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18789638

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1484. Berger, J., Lester, P., Rodrigues, L., Medical Therapy of Malignant Bowel Obstruction With Octreotide, Dexamethasone, and Metoclopramide, Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 2016. 33(4): p. 407-10., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646530

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1488. Thaker, D. A., Stafford, B. C., Gaffney, L. S., Palliative management of malignant bowel obstruction in terminally ill patient, Indian J Palliat Care, 2010. 16(2): p. 97-100., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21811356

1489. Wey, W, Mian, M, Calabrese, R, Hansen, E, Walter, M, Wang, C, et.al. Palliative Medical Management of Inoperable Malignant Bowel Obstruction With "Triple Therapy": Dexamethasone, Octreotide, and Metoclopramide., Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 2021. 38 (4)(4): p. 340-345., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33084354/

1490. Minoura, T, Takeuchi, M, Morita, T, Kawakami, K, Practice Patterns of Medications for Patients With Malignant Bowel Obstruction Using a Nationwide Claims Database and the Association Between Treatment Outcomes and Concomitant Use of H, J Pain Symptom Manage, 2018. 55 (2)(2): p. 413-419.e2., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29122616/

1491. Bausewein, C., Simon, S. T., Benalia, H., Voltz, R., & Radbruch, L., Übelkeit und Erbrechen sowie maligner Ileus in der Palliativmedizin., 2015.

1492. British Columbia Cancer Agency, Symptom Management Guidelines: Care of malignant wounds, 2015., http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/nursing-site/Documents/Bibliograpy%20-%20Master%20List.pdf

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1495. Tilley, CP, Fu, MR, Van Cleeve, J, Crocilla, BL, Comfort, CP, Symptoms of Malignant Fungating Wounds and Functional Performance among Patients with Advanced Cancer: An Integrative Review from 2000 to 2019., J Palliat Med, 2020. 23 (6)(6): p. 848-862., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32349622/

1496. Probst, Sebastian, Arber, Anne, Faithfull, Sara, Malignant fungating wounds: A survey of nurses’ clinical practice in Switzerland, European Journal of Oncology Nursing, 2009. 13(4): p. 295-298.

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1498. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Wundheilung und Wundbehandlung, S3-Leitlinie Lokaltherapie schwerheilender und/oder chronischer Wunden aufgrund von peripherer arterieller Verschlusskrankheit, Diabetes Mellitus oder chronischer venöser Insuffizienz, Registernummer 091 - 001, 2023., https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/091-001

1499. Wolff, D., et al., für die Deutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Knochenmark- und Blutstammzelltransplantation e.V.,, Zeiser, R., Scheid, C., Luft, T., Mielke, S., Dreger, P., et.al. Graft-versus-Host Erkrankung, chronisch, 2018., https://www.dgho.de/aktuelles/news/newsarchiv/2015/neue-onkopedia-leitlinien-zur-gvhd

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1501. EPUAP; NPUAP; PPPIA, Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries. The International GuidelineEmily Haesler (Ed.), Fourth edition, 2025., https://internationalguideline.com

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1503. McDonald, A., Lesage, P., Palliative management of pressure ulcers and malignant wounds in patients with advanced illness, J Palliat Med, 2006. 9(2): p. 285-95., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16629558

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1505. Schulz, V., Kozell, K., Biondo, P. D., Stiles, C., Martins, L., Tonkin, K., et.al. The malignant wound assessment tool: a validation study using a Delphi approach, Palliat Med, 2009. 23(3): p. 266-73., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19318462

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1507. Onkologiepflege Schweiz, Pflege und Behandlung der mailgnen Wunde. Konzept und Leitfaden für die Praxis, 3. Aktualisierte und überarbeitete Auflage, 2024., https://www.onkologiepflege.ch/fachwissen/literatur/leitlinien-fuer-die-praxis/maligne-wunde

1508. Seaman, S., Management of malignant fungating wounds in advanced cancer, Semin Oncol Nurs, 2006. 22(3): p. 185-93., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16893748

1509. World Union of Wound Healing Societies (WUWHS), Principles of best practice: Wound exudate and the role of dressings. A consensus documentMEP Ltd., 2007., http://www.woundsinternational.com/media/issues/82/files/content_42.pdf

1510. Uebach, Barbara, Kern, Martina, Wunden sind nicht immer heilbar - Palliative Wundbehandlung exulzerierender TumorwundenPalliaMed Verlag, 2010.

1511. Danzer, Susanne, Palliative WundversorgungKohlhammer, 2016.

1512. Protz, Kerstin, Timm, Jan Hinnerk, Moderne WundversorgungElsevier, 2016.

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1516. Woo, K. Y., Abbott, L. K., Librach, L., Evidence-based approach to manage persistent wound-related pain, Curr Opin Support Palliat Care, 2013. 7(1): p. 86-94., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23314014

1517. Ständer, Sonja, Zeidler, Claudia, Augustin, Matthias, Bayer, Gudrun, Kremer, Andreas E., Legat, Franz J., et.al. S2k-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie des chronischen Pruritus, AWMF-Register Nr. 013/048, 2016., http://www.awmf.org/uploads/tx_szleitlinien/013-048l_S2k_Chronischer_Pruritus_2017-01.pdf

1518. Albani, Cornelia, Blaser, Gerd, Geyer, Michael, Daig, Isolde, Schmutzer, Gabriele, Bailer, Harald, et.al. Überprüfung und Normierung des "Fragebogen zum Körperbild" (FKB-20) von Clement und Löwe (1996) an einer repräsentativen deutschen Bevölkerungsstichprobe, Zeitschrift für Medizinische Psychologie, 2006. 15: p. 99-109.

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1520. Robinson, Pauline J.; Holloway, Samantha, Psychological factors associated with malignant fungating breast wounds, Journal of the European Wound Management Association, 2019.

1521. Jang, David W., Teng, Marita S., Bukola, Ojo, Genden, Eric M., Palliative surgery for head and neck cancer with extensive skin involvement, The Laryngoscope, 2013. 123(5): p. 1175-1177.

1522. Gschnell, M, Volberg, C, Hauser, C, Krönig, L, Cutaneous metastases: From epidemiology to therapy., J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2024. 22 (7)(7): p. 974-993., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38888379/

1523. Demirci, S., Yavas, F., Ozsaran, Z., Ozsaran, A., Dikmen, Y., Zekioglu, O., et.al. Palliative radiotherapy for the skin metastasis of ovarian cancer: a case report and review of the literature, Med Oncol, 2010. 27(3): p. 628-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536657

1524. Vempati, P., Knoll, M. A., Dharmarajan, K., Green, S., Tiersten, A., Bakst, R. L., Palliation of Ulcerative Breast Lesions with Radiation, Anticancer Res, 2016. 36(9): p. 4701-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27630316

1525. Slort, W., Blankenstein, A. H., Schweitzer, B. P., Knol, D. L., Deliens, L., Aaronson, N. K., et.al. Effectiveness of the ACA (Availability, Current issues and Anticipation) training programme on GP-patient communication in palliative care; a controlled trial, BMC Fam Pract, 2013. 14: p. 93.

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1529. Lund-Nielsen, B., Muller, K., Adamsen, L., Malignant wounds in women with breast cancer: feminine and sexual perspectives, J Clin Nurs, 2005. 14(1): p. 56-64., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15656849

1530. Ousey, K., Roberts, D., Exploring nurses' and patients' feelings of disgust associated with malodorous wounds: a rapid review, J Wound Care, 2016. 25(8): p. 438-42., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27523655

1531. Alexander, S., Malignant fungating wounds: key symptoms and psychosocial issues, J Wound Care, 2009. 18(8): p. 325-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19862870

1532. Piggin, C., Jones, V., Malignant fungating wounds: an analysis of the lived experience, Int J Palliat Nurs, 2007. 13(8): p. 384-91., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18018818

1533. Lo, S. F., Hu, W. Y., Hayter, M., Chang, S. C., Hsu, M. Y., Wu, L. Y., Experiences of living with a malignant fungating wound: a qualitative study, J Clin Nurs, 2008. 17(20): p. 2699-708., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18808638

1534. Alexander, S., Malignant fungating wounds: managing pain, bleeding and psychosocial issues, J Wound Care, 2009. 18(10): p. 418-25., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19816381

1535. Probst, S., Arber, A., Faithfull, S., Malignant fungating wounds: the meaning of living in an unbounded body, Eur J Oncol Nurs, 2013. 17(1): p. 38-45., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22459257

1536. Probst, S., Arber, A., Faithfull, S., Coping with an exulcerated breast carcinoma: an interpretative phenomenological study, J Wound Care, 2013. 22(7): p. 352-4, 356-8, 360., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24159657

1537. Piggin, C., Malodorous fungating wounds: uncertain concepts underlying the management of social isolation, Int J Palliat Nurs, 2003. 9(5): p. 216-21., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12819599

1538. Gaind, S., The role of digust emotions in prediciting self-management in wound care, Journal of Wound Care, 2011. 20(7): p. 346-351.

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