13. Literaturverzeichnis – Klinische Ernährung in der Onkologie

1. Arends, J., Bertz, H., Bischoff, S. C., Fietkau, R., Herrmann, H. J., Holm, E., et.al. S3-Leitline der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin e. V. (DGEM) in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hämatologie und Onkologie e.V. (DGHO), der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Supportive Maßnahmen in der Onkologie, Rehabilitation und Sozialmedizin der Deutschen Krebsgesellschaft (ASORS) und der Österreichischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für klinische Ernährung (AKE), Klinische Ernährung in der Onkologie, 2015. 40(05): p. e1-e74., http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0035-1552741, https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/s-0035-1552741.pdf

2. Kondrup, J, Rasmussen, HH, Hamberg, O, Stanga, Z, Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials., Clin Nutr, 2003. 22 (3)(3): p. 321-36., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12765673/

3. Boléo-Tomé, C, Monteiro-Grillo, I, Camilo, M, Ravasco, P, Validation of the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) in cancer., Br J Nutr, 2012. 108 (2)(2): p. 343-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22142968/

4. Ferguson, ML, Bauer, J, Gallagher, B, Capra, S, Christie, DR, Mason, BR, Validation of a malnutrition screening tool for patients receiving radiotherapy., Australas Radiol, 1999. 43 (3)(3): p. 325-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10901927/

5. Detsky, AS, McLaughlin, JR, Baker, JP, Johnston, N, Whittaker, S, Mendelson, RA, et.al. What is subjective global assessment of nutritional status?, JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 1987. 11 (1)(1): p. 8-13., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3820522/

6. Erickson, N, Storck, LJ, Kolm, A, Norman, K, Fey, T, Schiffler, V, et.al. Tri-country translation, cultural adaptation, and validity confirmation of the Scored Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment., Support Care Cancer, 2019. 27 (9)(9): p. 3499-3507., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30684046/

7. Vellas, B, Guigoz, Y, Garry, PJ, Nourhashemi, F, Bennahum, D, Lauque, S, et.al. The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and its use in grading the nutritional state of elderly patients., Nutrition, 1999. 15 (2)(2): p. 116-22., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9990575/

8. Rubenstein, LZ, Harker, JO, Salvà, A, Guigoz, Y, Vellas, B, Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF)., J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 2001. 56 (6)(6): p. M366-72., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11382797/

9. Koula-Jenik, H, Miko, M, Kraft, M, Schulz, RJ, Leitfaden Ernährungsmedizin, 2005.

10. Schauder, P, Ollenschläger, G, Ernährungsmedizin - Prävention und Therapie, 2006.

11. Verband der Diätassistenten - Deutscher Bundesverband e.V., Manual für den German-Nutrition Care Process (G-NCP). Ein Standardwerk für die Durchführung, Weiterentwicklung, Überprüfung und Qualitätssicherung der Diätetik in Deutschland., VDD-Leitlinie für die Ernährungstherapie und das prozessgeleitete Handeln in der Diätetik, 2015., https://www.vdd.de/fuer-experten/german-nutrition-care-process/

12. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) e.V., Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe (DKH), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) e.V.), Psychoonkologische Diagnostik, Beratung und Behandlung von erwachsenen Krebspatient*innen, Langversion 2.1, AWMF-Registernummer: 032-051OL, 2023 (abgerufen am: 27.11.2025)., https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Leitlinien/Psychoonkologie/Version_2/LL_Psychoonkologie_Langversion_2.1.pdf

13. Bundesärztekammer (BÄK), Kassenärztliche Bundesvereinigung (KBV), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie Unipolare Depression, Langfassung, Version 3.2, 2023 (abgerufen am: 27.11.2025)., https://register.awmf.org/assets/guidelines/nvl-005l_S3_Unipolare-Depression_2023-07.pdf

14. DiMatteo, MR, Lepper, HS, Croghan, TW, Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence., Arch Intern Med, 2000. 160 (14)(14): p. 2101-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10904452/

15. Weis, J, Giesler, JM, Standards in der psychosozialen Versorgung von Krebspatienten, Der Onkologe, 2016. p. 198 - 205., https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00761-015-2938-9

16. Isenring, EA, Capra, S, Bauer, JD, Nutrition intervention is beneficial in oncology outpatients receiving radiotherapy to the gastrointestinal or head and neck area., Br J Cancer, 2004. 91 (3)(3): p. 447-52., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15226773/

17. Ravasco, P, Monteiro-Grillo, I, Marques Vidal, P, Camilo, ME, Impact of nutrition on outcome: a prospective randomized controlled trial in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy., Head Neck, 2005. 27 (8)(8): p. 659-68., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15920748/

18. Ravasco, P, Monteiro-Grillo, I, Vidal, PM, Camilo, ME, Dietary counseling improves patient outcomes: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in colorectal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy., J Clin Oncol, 2005. 23 (7)(7): p. 1431-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15684319/

19. van den Berg, MG, Rasmussen-Conrad, EL, Wei, KH, Lintz-Luidens, H, Kaanders, JH, Merkx, MA, Comparison of the effect of individual dietary counselling and of standard nutritional care on weight loss in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy., Br J Nutr, 2010. 104 (6)(6): p. 872-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20441684/

20. Ligthart-Melis, GC, Weijs, PJ, te Boveldt, ND, Buskermolen, S, Earthman, CP, Verheul, HM, et.al. Dietician-delivered intensive nutritional support is associated with a decrease in severe postoperative complications after surgery in patients with esophageal cancer., Dis Esophagus, 2013. 26 (6)(6): p. 587-93., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23237356/

21. Poulsen, GM, Pedersen, LL, Østerlind, K, Bæksgaard, L, Andersen, JR, Randomized trial of the effects of individual nutritional counseling in cancer patients., Clin Nutr, 2014. 33 (5)(5): p. 749-53., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24269077/

22. Potter, J, Langhorne, P, Roberts, M, Routine protein energy supplementation in adults: systematic review., BMJ, 1998. 317 (7157)(7157): p. 495-501., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9712593/

23. Ravasco, P, Monteiro-Grillo, I, Camilo, M, Individualized nutrition intervention is of major benefit to colorectal cancer patients: long-term follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of nutritional therapy., Am J Clin Nutr, 2012. 96 (6)(6): p. 1346-53., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23134880/

24. Baldwin, C, Spiro, A, McGough, C, Norman, AR, Gillbanks, A, Thomas, K, et.al. Simple nutritional intervention in patients with advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, non-small cell lung cancers or mesothelioma and weight loss receiving chemotherapy: a randomised controlled trial., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2011. 24 (5)(5): p. 431-40., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21733143/

25. Zhang, F, Jin, Y, Qiang, W, The effects of dietary advice on malnutrition in Cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Support Care Cancer, 2020. 28 (4)(4): p. 1579-1585., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31836940/

26. Lee, JLC, Leong, LP, Lim, SL, Nutrition intervention approaches to reduce malnutrition in oncology patients: a systematic review., Support Care Cancer, 2016. 24 (1)(1): p. 469-480., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26404858/

27. de van der Schueren, MAE, Laviano, A, Blanchard, H, Jourdan, M, Arends, J, Baracos, VE, Systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence for oral nutritional intervention on nutritional and clinical outcomes during chemo(radio)therapy: current evidence and guidance for design of future trials., Ann Oncol, 2018. 29 (5)(5): p. 1141-1153., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29788170/

28. Blackwood, HA, Hall, CC, Balstad, TR, Solheim, TS, Fallon, M, Haraldsdottir, E, et.al. A systematic review examining nutrition support interventions in patients with incurable cancer., Support Care Cancer, 2020. 28 (4)(4): p. 1877-1889., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31359182/

29. Dy, SM, Apostol, CC, Evidence-based approaches to other symptoms in advanced cancer., Cancer J, 2010. 16 (5)(5): p. 507-13., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20890148/

30. Del Fabbro, E, Hui, D, Dalal, S, Dev, R, Nooruddin, ZI, Bruera, E, Clinical outcomes and contributors to weight loss in a cancer cachexia clinic., J Palliat Med, 2011. 14 (9)(9): p. 1004-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21793729/

31. Clutter Snyder, D, Sloane, R, Haines, PS, Miller, P, Clipp, EC, Morey, MC, et.al. The Diet Quality Index-Revised: a tool to promote and evaluate dietary change among older cancer survivors enrolled in a home-based intervention trial., J Am Diet Assoc, 2007. 107 (9)(9): p. 1519-29., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17761229/

32. Baldwin, C, Spiro, A, Ahern, R, Emery, PW, Oral nutritional interventions in malnourished patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis., J Natl Cancer Inst, 2012. 104 (5)(5): p. 371-85., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22345712/

33. Bosaeus, I, Nutritional support in multimodal therapy for cancer cachexia., Support Care Cancer, 2008. 16 (5)(5): p. 447-51., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18196284/

34. Odelli, C, Burgess, D, Bateman, L, Hughes, A, Ackland, S, Gillies, J, et.al. Nutrition support improves patient outcomes, treatment tolerance and admission characteristics in oesophageal cancer., Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol), 2005. 17 (8)(8): p. 639-45., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16372491/

35. Nayel, H, el-Ghoneimy, E, el-Haddad, S, Impact of nutritional supplementation on treatment delay and morbidity in patients with head and neck tumors treated with irradiation., Nutrition, 1992. 8 (1)(1): p. 13-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1562782/

36. Paccagnella, A, Morello, M, Da Mosto, MC, Baruffi, C, Marcon, ML, Gava, A, et.al. Early nutritional intervention improves treatment tolerance and outcomes in head and neck cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy., Support Care Cancer, 2010. 18 (7)(7): p. 837-45., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19727846/

37. Fietkau, R, Iro, H, Sailer, D, Sauer, R, Percutaneous endoscopically guided gastrostomy in patients with head and neck cancer., Recent Results Cancer Res, 1991. 121 (): p. 269-82., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1907019/

38. Tyldesley, S, Sheehan, F, Munk, P, Tsang, V, Skarsgard, D, Bowman, CA, et.al. The use of radiologically placed gastrostomy tubes in head and neck cancer patients receiving radiotherapy., Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 1996. 36 (5)(5): p. 1205-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8985044/

39. Bozzetti, F, Cozzaglio, L, Gavazzi, C, Bidoli, P, Bonfanti, G, Montalto, F, et.al. Nutritional support in patients with cancer of the esophagus: impact on nutritional status, patient compliance to therapy, and survival., Tumori, 1998. 84 (6)(6): p. 681-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10080677/

40. Lee, JH, Machtay, M, Unger, LD, Weinstein, GS, Weber, RS, Chalian, AA, et.al. Prophylactic gastrostomy tubes in patients undergoing intensive irradiation for cancer of the head and neck., Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 1998. 124 (8)(8): p. 871-5., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9708712/

41. van den Berg, MG, Rasmussen-Conrad, EL, van Nispen, L, van Binsbergen, JJ, Merkx, MA, A prospective study on malnutrition and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer., Oral Oncol, 2008. 44 (9)(9): p. 830-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18243771/

42. Isenring, EA, Bauer, JD, Capra, S, Nutrition support using the American Dietetic Association medical nutrition therapy protocol for radiation oncology patients improves dietary intake compared with standard practice., J Am Diet Assoc, 2007. 107 (3)(3): p. 404-12., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17324657/

43. Marcy, PY, Magné, N, Bensadoun, RJ, Bleuse, A, Falewee, MN, Viot, M, et.al. Systematic percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy for concomitant radiochemotherapy of advanced head and neck cancer: optimization of therapy., Support Care Cancer, 2000. 8 (5)(5): p. 410-3., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10975691/

44. Rabinovitch, R, Grant, B, Berkey, BA, Raben, D, Ang, KK, Fu, KK, et.al. Impact of nutrition support on treatment outcome in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy: a secondary analysis of RTOG trial 90-03., Head Neck, 2006. 28 (4)(4): p. 287-96., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16287132/

45. Leis, C, Arthur, AE, Chen, X, Greene, MW, Frugé, AD, Systematic Review of Nutrition Interventions to Improve Short Term Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer Patients., Cancers (Basel), 2023. 15 (3)(3):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36765780/

46. Tunzi, L, Funk, T, Brown, T, Findlay, M, Bauer, J, Optimal frequency of individualised nutrition counselling in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy: A systematic review., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2022. 35 (1)(1): p. 223-233., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34003532/

47. Bye, A, Sandmael, JA, Stene, GB, Thorsen, L, Balstad, TR, Solheim, TS, et.al. Exercise and Nutrition Interventions in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during Curative Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Nutrients, 2020. 12 (11)(11):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33105699/

48. Nugent, B, Lewis, S, O'Sullivan, JM, Enteral feeding methods for nutritional management in patients with head and neck cancers being treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013. 2013 (1)(1): p. CD007904., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23440820/

49. Elia, M, Van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren, MA, Garvey, J, Goedhart, A, Lundholm, K, Nitenberg, G, et.al. Enteral (oral or tube administration) nutritional support and eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with cancer: a systematic review., Int J Oncol, 2006. 28 (1)(1): p. 5-23., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16327975/

50. Fietkau, R, Principles of feeding cancer patients via enteral or parenteral nutrition during radiotherapy., Strahlenther Onkol, 1998. 174 Suppl 3 (): p. 47-51., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9830457/

51. Langius, JA, Zandbergen, MC, Eerenstein, SE, van Tulder, MW, Leemans, CR, Kramer, MH, et.al. Effect of nutritional interventions on nutritional status, quality of life and mortality in patients with head and neck cancer receiving (chemo)radiotherapy: a systematic review., Clin Nutr, 2013. 32 (5)(5): p. 671-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23845384/

52. Findlay M, Bauer JD, Brown T, Davidson W, Isenring E, Kiss N, Kurmis R, Loeliger J, Sandison A, Talwar B, Taylor K, and the COSA Head and Neck Cancer Nutrition Evidence-Based Guideline Steering Committee, Evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of adult patients with head and neck cancer, Sydney: Cancer Council Australia, (2011, last updated 2024)., https://www.cancer.org.au/clinical-guidelines/head-neck-cancer

53. Isenring, E., Zabel, R., Bannister, M., Brown, T., Findlay, M., Kiss, N., Loeliger, J., Johnstone, C., Camilleri, B., Davidson, W., Hill, J., & Bauer, J., Updated evidence-based practice guidelines for the nutritional management of patients receiving radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, Nutrition & Dietetics, 2013. 70(4): p. 312-324., https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12013

54. Knox, LS, Crosby, LO, Feurer, ID, Buzby, GP, Miller, CL, Mullen, JL, Energy expenditure in malnourished cancer patients., Ann Surg, 1983. 197 (2)(2): p. 152-62., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6824369/

55. Dempsey, DT, Feurer, ID, Knox, LS, Crosby, LO, Buzby, GP, Mullen, JL, Energy expenditure in malnourished gastrointestinal cancer patients., Cancer, 1984. 53 (6)(6): p. 1265-73., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6692317/

56. Bosaeus, I, Daneryd, P, Svanberg, E, Lundholm, K, Dietary intake and resting energy expenditure in relation to weight loss in unselected cancer patients., Int J Cancer, 2001. 93 (3)(3): p. 380-3., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11433403/

57. Cao, DX, Wu, GH, Zhang, B, Quan, YJ, Wei, J, Jin, H, et.al. Resting energy expenditure and body composition in patients with newly detected cancer., Clin Nutr, 2010. 29 (1)(1): p. 72-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19647909/

58. Hansell, DT, Davies, JW, Burns, HJ, Effects of hepatic metastases on resting energy expenditure in patients with colorectal cancer., Br J Surg, 1986. 73 (8)(8): p. 659-62., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3742183/

59. Fredrix, EW, Soeters, PB, Wouters, EF, Deerenberg, IM, von Meyenfeldt, MF, Saris, WH, Effect of different tumor types on resting energy expenditure., Cancer Res, 1991. 51 (22)(22): p. 6138-41., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1657379/

60. Moses, AW, Slater, C, Preston, T, Barber, MD, Fearon, KC, Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids., Br J Cancer, 2004. 90 (5)(5): p. 996-1002., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14997196/

61. Gibney, E, Elia, M, Jebb, SA, Murgatroyd, P, Jennings, G, Total energy expenditure in patients with small-cell lung cancer: results of a validated study using the bicarbonate-urea method., Metabolism, 1997. 46 (12)(12): p. 1412-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9439535/

62. Van Soom, T, El Bakkali, S, Gebruers, N, Verbelen, H, Tjalma, W, van Breda, E, The effects of chemotherapy on energy metabolic aspects in cancer patients: A systematic review., Clin Nutr, 2020. 39 (6)(6): p. 1863-1877., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31420208/

63. Silver, HJ, Dietrich, MS, Murphy, BA, Changes in body mass, energy balance, physical function, and inflammatory state in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent chemoradiation after low-dose induction chemotherapy., Head Neck, 2007. 29 (10)(10): p. 893-900., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17405169/

64. Cereda, E, Turrini, M, Ciapanna, D, Marbello, L, Pietrobelli, A, Corradi, E, Assessing energy expenditure in cancer patients: a pilot validation of a new wearable device., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2007. 31 (6)(6): p. 502-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17947607/

65. Bencini, L, Di Leo, A, Pozzessere, D, Bozzetti, F, Total energy expenditure in patients with advanced solid tumors: A preliminary report, Nutritional Therapy & Metabolism, 2008. 26(1): p. 45-47., https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/44949258845

66. Nguyen, TY, Batterham, MJ, Edwards, C, Comparison of Resting Energy Expenditure Between Cancer Subjects and Healthy Controls: A Meta-Analysis., Nutr Cancer, 2016. 68 (3)(3): p. 374-87., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27007947/

67. Arends, J, Bachmann, P, Baracos, V, Barthelemy, N, Bertz, H, Bozzetti, F, et.al. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients., Clin Nutr, 2017. 36 (1)(1): p. 11-48., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27637832/

68. Hyltander, A, Daneryd, P, Sandström, R, Körner, U, Lundholm, K, Beta-adrenoceptor activity and resting energy metabolism in weight losing cancer patients., Eur J Cancer, 2000. 36 (3)(3): p. 330-4., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10708933/

69. Moses, AW, Slater, C, Preston, T, Barber, MD, Fearon, KC, Reduced total energy expenditure and physical activity in cachectic patients with pancreatic cancer can be modulated by an energy and protein dense oral supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids., Br J Cancer, 2004. 90 (5)(5): p. 996-1002., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14997196/

70. Edén, E, Edström, S, Bennegård, K, Scherstén, T, Lundholm, K, Glucose flux in relation to energy expenditure in malnourished patients with and without cancer during periods of fasting and feeding., Cancer Res, 1984. 44 (4)(4): p. 1718-24., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6367972/

71. Lindmark, L, Bennegård, K, Edén, E, Svaninger, G, Ternell, M, Lundholm, K, Thermic effect and substrate oxidation in response to intravenous nutrition in cancer patients who lose weight., Ann Surg, 1986. 204 (6)(6): p. 628-36., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3098197/

72. Pirat, A, Tucker, AM, Taylor, KA, Jinnah, R, Finch, CG, Canada, TD, et.al. Comparison of measured versus predicted energy requirements in critically ill cancer patients., Respir Care, 2009. 54 (4)(4): p. 487-94., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19327184/

73. Richards, EW, Long, CL, Nelson, KM, Tohver, OK, Pinkston, JA, Navari, RM, et.al. Protein turnover in advanced lung cancer patients., Metabolism, 1993. 42 (3)(3): p. 291-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8487646/

74. MacDonald, AJ, Johns, N, Stephens, N, Greig, C, Ross, JA, Small, AC, et.al. Habitual Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Is Normal in Patients with Upper GI Cancer Cachexia., Clin Cancer Res, 2015. 21 (7)(7): p. 1734-40., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25370466/

75. Winter, A, MacAdams, J, Chevalier, S, Normal protein anabolic response to hyperaminoacidemia in insulin-resistant patients with lung cancer cachexia., Clin Nutr, 2012. 31 (5)(5): p. 765-73., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22647419/

76. Tayek, JA, Bistrian, BR, Hehir, DJ, Martin, R, Moldawer, LL, Blackburn, GL, Improved protein kinetics and albumin synthesis by branched chain amino acid-enriched total parenteral nutrition in cancer cachexia. A prospective randomized crossover trial., Cancer, 1986. 58 (1)(1): p. 147-57., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3085914/

77. Hunter, DC, Weintraub, M, Blackburn, GL, Bistrian, BR, Branched chain amino acids as the protein component of parenteral nutrition in cancer cachexia., Br J Surg, 1989. 76 (2)(2): p. 149-53., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2495147/

78. Deutz, NE, Safar, A, Schutzler, S, Memelink, R, Ferrando, A, Spencer, H, et.al. Muscle protein synthesis in cancer patients can be stimulated with a specially formulated medical food., Clin Nutr, 2011. 30 (6)(6): p. 759-68., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21683485/

79. Baracos, VE, Skeletal muscle anabolism in patients with advanced cancer., Lancet Oncol, 2015. 16 (1)(1): p. 13-4., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25524803/

80. Nitenberg, G, Raynard, B, Nutritional support of the cancer patient: issues and dilemmas., Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2000. 34 (3)(3): p. 137-68., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10838261/

81. Barrera, R, Nutritional support in cancer patients., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2002. 26 (5 Suppl)(5 Suppl): p. S63-71., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12216725/

82. Baracos VE, Meeting the aminoacid requirements for protein anabolism in cancer cachexia, In: Mantovani, G., et al. Cachexia and Wasting: A Modern Approach. Springer, Milano, 2006. p. 631-634., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-0552-5_60

83. Guadagni, M, Biolo, G, Effects of inflammation and/or inactivity on the need for dietary protein., Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2009. 12 (6)(6): p. 617-22., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19741515/

84. Haran, PH, Rivas, DA, Fielding, RA, Role and potential mechanisms of anabolic resistance in sarcopenia., J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2012. 3 (3)(3): p. 157-62., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22589021/

85. Deutz, NE, Bauer, JM, Barazzoni, R, Biolo, G, Boirie, Y, Bosy-Westphal, A, et.al. Protein intake and exercise for optimal muscle function with aging: recommendations from the ESPEN Expert Group., Clin Nutr, 2014. 33 (6)(6): p. 929-36., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24814383/

86. Bauer, J, Biolo, G, Cederholm, T, Cesari, M, Cruz-Jentoft, AJ, Morley, JE, et.al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group., J Am Med Dir Assoc, 2013. 14 (8)(8): p. 542-59., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23867520/

87. Bozzetti, F, Bozzetti, V, Is the intravenous supplementation of amino acid to cancer patients adequate? A critical appraisal of literature., Clin Nutr, 2013. 32 (1)(1): p. 142-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23218120/

88. Martin, WF, Armstrong, LE, Rodriguez, NR, Dietary protein intake and renal function., Nutr Metab (Lond), 2005. 2 (): p. 25., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16174292/

89. Cano, N, Fiaccadori, E, Tesinsky, P, Toigo, G, Druml, W, Kuhlmann, M, et.al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Adult renal failure., Clin Nutr, 2006. 25 (2)(2): p. 295-310., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16697495/

90. Bozzetti, F, Arends, J, Lundholm, K, Micklewright, A, Zurcher, G, Muscaritoli, M, ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: non-surgical oncology., Clin Nutr, 2009. 28 (4)(4): p. 445-54., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19477052/

91. Bozzetti, F, Ammatuna, M, Migliavacca, S, Facchetti, G, Cozzaglio, L, Morabito, A, Comparison of glucose vs. Glucose fat solutions in cancer patients: A controlled crossover study., Clin Nutr, 1990. 9 (6)(6): p. 325-30., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16837380/

92. Fan, ST, Lau, WY, Wong, KK, Chan, YP, Pre-operative parenteral nutrition in patients with oesophageal cancer: a prospective, randomised clinical trial., Clin Nutr, 1989. 8 (1)(1): p. 23-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16837262/

93. Körber, J, Pricelius, S, Heidrich, M, Müller, MJ, Increased lipid utilization in weight losing and weight stable cancer patients with normal body weight., Eur J Clin Nutr, 1999. 53 (9)(9): p. 740-5., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10509772/

94. Waterhouse, C, Kemperman, JH, Carbohydrate metabolism in subjects with cancer., Cancer Res, 1971. 31 (9)(9): p. 1273-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5286579/

95. Legaspi, A, Jeevanandam, M, Starnes, HF, Brennan, MF, Whole body lipid and energy metabolism in the cancer patient., Metabolism, 1987. 36 (10)(10): p. 958-63., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3657515/

96. Selberg, O, McMillan, DC, Preston, T, Carse, H, Shenkin, A, Burns, HJ, Palmitate turnover and its response to glucose infusion in weight-losing cancer patients., Clin Nutr, 1990. 9 (3)(3): p. 150-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16837347/

97. Arbeit, JM, Lees, DE, Corsey, R, Brennan, MF, Resting energy expenditure in controls and cancer patients with localized and diffuse disease., Ann Surg, 1984. 199 (3)(3): p. 292-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6703790/

98. Shaw, JH, Wolfe, RR, Fatty acid and glycerol kinetics in septic patients and in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The response to glucose infusion and parenteral feeding., Ann Surg, 1987. 205 (4)(4): p. 368-76., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3105476/

99. Hansell, DT, Davies, JW, Shenkin, A, Burns, HJ, The oxidation of body fuel stores in cancer patients., Ann Surg, 1986. 204 (6)(6): p. 637-42., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3789835/

100. Gray, GE, Meguid, MM, Can total parenteral nutrition reverse hypoalbuminemia in oncology patients?, Nutrition, 1990. 6 (3)(3): p. 225-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2136002/

101. Bruera, E, Miller, MJ, Kuehn, N, MacEachern, T, Hanson, J, Estimate of survival of patients admitted to a palliative care unit: a prospective study., J Pain Symptom Manage, 1992. 7 (2)(2): p. 82-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1573289/

102. Volkert, D, Beck, AM, Cederholm, T, Cruz-Jentoft, A, Hooper, L, Kiesswetter, E, et.al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics., Clin Nutr, 2022. 41 (4)(4): p. 958-989., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35306388/

103. Hauner, H, Beyer-Reiners, E, Bischoff, G, Breidenassel C, Ferschke, M, Gebhardt, A, et.al. Leitfaden Ernährungstherapie in Klinik und Praxis (LEKuP), Aktuel Ernaehr Med, 2019. p. 384-419.

104. Volkert, D, Bauer, J, Benzinger, P, Eglseer, D, Frühwald, T, Gehrke, I, et.al. S3-Leitlinie Klinische Ernährung und Hydrierung im Alter, 2025., https://www.dgem.de/sites/default/files/PDFs/Leitlinien/S3-Leitlinien/DGEM_LL_Klinische%20Ern%C3%A4hrung%20und%20Hydrierung%20im%20Alter_250203.pdf

105. Shenkin, A, The key role of micronutrients., Clin Nutr, 2006. 25 (1)(1): p. 1-13., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16376462/

106. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. (DGE), Gesunde Ernährung., Gut essen und trinken., 2025., https://www.dge.de/gesunde-ernaehrung/gut-essen-und-trinken/

107. World Health Organization, Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. (2nd Edition), 2004., https://www.who.int/activities/establishing-global-nutrient-requirements

108. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung, Österreichische Gesellschaft für Ernährung (Hrsg.), Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr, Bonn, 3. Auflage, 1. Ausgabe, 2025., https://www.dge.de/wissenschaft/referenzwerte/

109. Institute of Medicine, Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements, Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2006., https://doi.org/10.17226/11537

110. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Dietary reference values, 2024., https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/dietary-reference-values

111. Nordic Council of Ministers, The Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, 2023., https://www.norden.org/en/publication/nordic-nutrition-recommendations-2023

112. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) e.V., Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe (DKH), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) e.V.), S3-Leitlinie Komplementärmedizin in der Behandlung von onkologischen PatientInnen, Langversion 2.0, AWMF-Registernummer: 032-055OL, 2024 (abgerufen am: 27.11.2025)., https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/komplementaermedizin/

113. Rock, CL, Doyle, C, Demark-Wahnefried, W, Meyerhardt, J, Courneya, KS, Schwartz, AL, et.al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors., CA Cancer J Clin, 2012. 62 (4)(4): p. 243-74., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22539238/

114. Biesalski, HK, Mikronährstoffsupplemente bei onkologischen Patienten. Rationale für die Empfehlung, Der Onkologe, 2008. 14: p. 45 - 57., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-007-1291-z

115. Rock, CL, Thomson, CA, Sullivan, KR, Howe, CL, Kushi, LH, Caan, BJ, et.al. American Cancer Society nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer survivors., CA Cancer J Clin, 2022. 72 (3)(3): p. 230-262., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35294043/

116. Bjelakovic, G, Nikolova, D, Gluud, LL, Simonetti, RG, Gluud, C, Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis., JAMA, 2007. 297 (8)(8): p. 842-57., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17327526/

117. Bjelakovic, G, Nikolova, D, Gluud, LL, Simonetti, RG, Gluud, C, Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 2012 (3)(3): p. CD007176., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22419320/

118. Autier, P, Boniol, M, Pizot, C, Mullie, P, Vitamin D status and ill health: a systematic review., Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2014. 2 (1)(1): p. 76-89., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24622671/

119. Ng, K, Meyerhardt, JA, Chan, JA, Niedzwiecki, D, Hollis, DR, Saltz, LB, et.al. Multivitamin use is not associated with cancer recurrence or survival in patients with stage III colon cancer: findings from CALGB 89803., J Clin Oncol, 2010. 28 (28)(28): p. 4354-63., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20805450/

120. Zhang, J, Xu, W, Zhang, H, Fan, Y, Association between risk of malnutrition defined by patient-generated subjective global assessment and adverse outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Public Health Nutr, 2024. 27 (1)(1): p. e105., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38533774/

121. Xu, J, Jie, Y, Sun, Y, Gong, D, Fan, Y, Association of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition with survival outcomes in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Clin Nutr, 2022. 41 (9)(9): p. 1874-1880., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35944293/

122. Bozzetti, F, Forcing the vicious circle: sarcopenia increases toxicity, decreases response to chemotherapy and worsens with chemotherapy., Ann Oncol, 2017. 28 (9)(9): p. 2107-2118., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28911059/

123. Cederholm, T, Jensen, GL, Correia, MITD, Gonzalez, MC, Fukushima, R, Pisprasert, V, et.al. The GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5-year update., Clin Nutr, 2025. 49 (): p. 11-20., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40222089/

124. Arends, J, Baracos, V, Bertz, H, Bozzetti, F, Calder, PC, Deutz, NEP, et.al. ESPEN expert group recommendations for action against cancer-related malnutrition., Clin Nutr, 2017. 36 (5)(5): p. 1187-1196., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28689670/

125. Arends, J, Bodoky, G, Bozzetti, F, Fearon, K, Muscaritoli, M, Selga, G, et.al. ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: Non-surgical oncology., Clin Nutr, 2006. 25 (2)(2): p. 245-59., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16697500/

126. Bischoff, Stephan C., Arends, Jann, Decker-Baumann, Christiane, Hütterer, Elisabeth, Koch, Sebastian, Mühlebach, Stefan, et.al. S3-Leitlinie Heimenterale und heimparenterale Ernährung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM), In Zusammenarbeit mit der Österreichischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für klinische Ernährung (AKE), der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin und Metabolismus Schweiz (GESKES) und der Fachgesellschaft Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pflegewissenschaft (DGP), 2024. 49(02): p. 73-155., http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2270-7667, https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-2270-7667.pdf

127. Nugent, B, Parker, MJ, McIntyre, IA, Nasogastric tube feeding and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube feeding in patients with head and neck cancer., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2010. 23 (3)(3): p. 277-84., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20337841/

128. Sheth, CH, Sharp, S, Walters, ER, Enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients at a UK cancer centre., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2013. 26 (5)(5): p. 421-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23379517/

129. Corry, J, Poon, W, McPhee, N, Milner, AD, Cruickshank, D, Porceddu, SV, et.al. Randomized study of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tubes for enteral feeding in head and neck cancer patients treated with (chemo)radiation., J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol, 2008. 52 (5)(5): p. 503-10., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19032398/

130. Scolapio, JS, Fleming, CR, Kelly, DG, Wick, DM, Zinsmeister, AR, Survival of home parenteral nutrition-treated patients: 20 years of experience at the Mayo Clinic., Mayo Clin Proc, 1999. 74 (3)(3): p. 217-22., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10089988/

131. Bozzetti, F, Cozzaglio, L, Biganzoli, E, Chiavenna, G, De Cicco, M, Donati, D, et.al. Quality of life and length of survival in advanced cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition., Clin Nutr, 2002. 21 (4)(4): p. 281-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12135587/

132. Bozzetti, F, Santarpia, L, Pironi, L, Thul, P, Klek, S, Gavazzi, C, et.al. The prognosis of incurable cachectic cancer patients on home parenteral nutrition: a multi-centre observational study with prospective follow-up of 414 patients., Ann Oncol, 2014. 25 (2)(2): p. 487-93., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24406425/

133. De Waele, E, Mattens, S, Honoré, PM, Spapen, H, De Grève, J, Pen, JJ, Nutrition therapy in cachectic cancer patients. The Tight Caloric Control (TiCaCo) pilot trial., Appetite, 2015. 91 (): p. 298-301., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25912786/

134. De Waele, Elisabeth, Demol, Joy, Huysentruyt, Koen, Bjørklund, Geir, Buyl, Ronald, Laviano, Alessandro, et.al. Nutrition Therapy Promotes Overall Survival in Cachectic Cancer Patients through a New Proposed Chemical-Physical Pathway: The TiCaCONCO Trial (A Randomized Controlled Single-Blinded Trial), J, 2022. 5(4): p. 470 - 477.

135. Chow, R, Bruera, E, Arends, J, Walsh, D, Strasser, F, Isenring, E, et.al. Enteral and parenteral nutrition in cancer patients, a comparison of complication rates: an updated systematic review and (cumulative) meta-analysis., Support Care Cancer, 2020. 28 (3)(3): p. 979-1010., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31813021/

136. Campos, AC, Butters, M, Meguid, MM, Home enteral nutrition via gastrostomy in advanced head and neck cancer patients., Head Neck, 1990. 12 (2)(2): p. 137-42., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2107154/

137. Trotti, A, Bellm, LA, Epstein, JB, Frame, D, Fuchs, HJ, Gwede, CK, et.al. Mucositis incidence, severity and associated outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy: a systematic literature review., Radiother Oncol, 2003. 66 (3)(3): p. 253-62., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12742264/

138. Bozzetti, F, Nutritional support in patients with oesophageal cancer., Support Care Cancer, 2010. 18 Suppl 2 (): p. S41-50., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19551411/

139. Lewis, SL, Brody, R, Touger-Decker, R, Parrott, JS, Epstein, J, Feeding tube use in patients with head and neck cancer., Head Neck, 2014. 36 (12)(12): p. 1789-95., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24478227/

140. Wall, LR, Ward, EC, Cartmill, B, Hill, AJ, Physiological changes to the swallowing mechanism following (chemo)radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: a systematic review., Dysphagia, 2013. 28 (4)(4): p. 481-493., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24078216/

141. Sroussi, HY, Epstein, JB, Bensadoun, RJ, Saunders, DP, Lalla, RV, Migliorati, CA, et.al. Common oral complications of head and neck cancer radiation therapy: mucositis, infections, saliva change, fibrosis, sensory dysfunctions, dental caries, periodontal disease, and osteoradionecrosis., Cancer Med, 2017. 6 (12)(12): p. 2918-2931., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29071801/

142. Brook, I, Late side effects of radiation treatment for head and neck cancer., Radiat Oncol J, 2020. 38 (2)(2): p. 84-92., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33012151/

143. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, S3-Leitlinie Oropharyngeale Dysphagie infolge einer Kopf-Hals-Tumor-Erkrankung – Diagnostik und Therapie, Langversion 1.1, AWMF-Registernummer: 049/016, 2025 (abgerufen am: 27.11.2025)., https://register.awmf.org/de/leitlinien/detail/049-016

144. Mellors, K, Ye, X, Van Den Brande, J, Wai Ray Mak, T, Brown, T, Findlay, M, et.al. Comparison of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with reactive enteral nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review., Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2021. 46 (): p. 87-98., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34857252/

145. Ye, X, Chang, YC, Findlay, M, Brown, T, Bauer, J, The effect of timing of enteral nutrition support on feeding outcomes and dysphagia in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review., Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2021. 44 (): p. 96-104., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34330518/

146. Silander, E, Nyman, J, Bove, M, Johansson, L, Larsson, S, Hammerlid, E, Impact of prophylactic percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy on malnutrition and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer: a randomized study., Head Neck, 2012. 34 (1)(1): p. 1-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21374756/

147. Brown, TE, Banks, MD, Hughes, BGM, Lin, CY, Kenny, LM, Bauer, JD, Randomised controlled trial of early prophylactic feeding vs standard care in patients with head and neck cancer., Br J Cancer, 2017. 117 (1)(1): p. 15-24., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28535154/

148. Gomes, CA, Andriolo, RB, Bennett, C, Lustosa, SA, Matos, D, Waisberg, DR, et.al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015. 2015 (5)(5): p. CD008096., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25997528/

149. Sadasivan, A, Faizal, B, Kumar, M, Nasogastric and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube use in advanced head and neck cancer patients: a comparative study., J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother, 2012. 26 (3)(3): p. 226-32., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22973911/

150. Hiatt, JS, Brown, TE, Banks, M, Lewis, CA, Bauer, J, Patient and carer experience of nutrition care throughout treatment for head and neck cancer: a systematic qualitative review and thematic synthesis., Support Care Cancer, 2020. 28 (12)(12): p. 5633-5647., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32642952/

151. Bossola, M, Antocicco, M, Pepe, G, Tube feeding in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing chemoradiotherapy: A systematic review., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2022. 46 (6)(6): p. 1258-1269., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35244947/

152. Weimann, Arved, Breitenstein, Stefan, Gabor, Sabine, Holland-Cunz, Stefan, Kemen, Matthias, Längle, Friedrich, et.al. S3-Leitlinie Klinische Ernährung in der Chirurgie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ernährungsmedizin (DGEM) e. V, in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Arbeitskreis Klinische Ernährung (AKE), der Gesellschaft für Klinische Ernährung der Schweiz (GESKES) und den Fachgesellschaften Deutsche Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin (DGAI) e. V., Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie (DGAV) e. V., Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie (DGCH) e. V., 2023. 48(04): p. 237-290., http://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/a-2104-9792

153. Engelman, DT, Adams, DH, Byrne, JG, Aranki, SF, Collins, JJ, Couper, GS, et.al. Impact of body mass index and albumin on morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery., J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg, 1999. 118 (5)(5): p. 866-73., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10534692/

154. Kama, NA, Coskun, T, Yuksek, YN, Yazgan, A, Factors affecting post-operative mortality in malignant biliary tract obstruction., Hepatogastroenterology, 1999. 46 (25)(25): p. 103-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10228772/

155. Klein, JD, Hey, LA, Yu, CS, Klein, BB, Coufal, FJ, Young, EP, et.al. Perioperative nutrition and postoperative complications in patients undergoing spinal surgery., Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996. 21 (22)(22): p. 2676-82., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8961455/

156. Koval, KJ, Maurer, SG, Su, ET, Aharonoff, GB, Zuckerman, JD, The effects of nutritional status on outcome after hip fracture., J Orthop Trauma, 1999. 13 (3)(3): p. 164-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10206247/

157. Takagi, K, Yamamori, H, Toyoda, Y, Nakajima, N, Tashiro, T, Modulating effects of the feeding route on stress response and endotoxin translocation in severely stressed patients receiving thoracic esophagectomy., Nutrition, 2000. 16 (5)(5): p. 355-60., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10793304/

158. Dannhauser, A, Van Zyl, JM, Nel, CJ, Preoperative nutritional status and prognostic nutritional index in patients with benign disease undergoing abdominal operations--Part I., J Am Coll Nutr, 1995. 14 (1)(1): p. 80-90., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7706616/

159. Garth, AK, Newsome, CM, Simmance, N, Crowe, TC, Nutritional status, nutrition practices and post-operative complications in patients with gastrointestinal cancer., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2010. 23 (4)(4): p. 393-401., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20337847/

160. Guo, CB, Ma, DQ, Zhang, KH, Applicability of the general nutritional status score to patients with oral and maxillofacial malignancies., Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1994. 23 (3)(3): p. 167-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7930772/

161. Guo, CB, Zhang, W, Ma, DQ, Zhang, KH, Huang, JQ, Hand grip strength: an indicator of nutritional state and the mix of postoperative complications in patients with oral and maxillofacial cancers., Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 1996. 34 (4)(4): p. 325-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8866070/

162. Jagoe, RT, Goodship, TH, Gibson, GJ, The influence of nutritional status on complications after operations for lung cancer., Ann Thorac Surg, 2001. 71 (3)(3): p. 936-43., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11269477/

163. Lavernia, CJ, Sierra, RJ, Baerga, L, Nutritional parameters and short term outcome in arthroplasty., J Am Coll Nutr, 1999. 18 (3)(3): p. 274-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10376785/

164. Mazolewski, P, Turner, JF, Baker, M, Kurtz, T, Little, AG, The impact of nutritional status on the outcome of lung volume reduction surgery: a prospective study., Chest, 1999. 116 (3)(3): p. 693-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10492273/

165. Mohler, JL, Flanigan, RC, The effect of nutritional status and support on morbidity and mortality of bladder cancer patients treated by radical cystectomy., J Urol, 1987. 137 (3)(3): p. 404-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3102756/

166. Patterson, BM, Cornell, CN, Carbone, B, Levine, B, Chapman, D, Protein depletion and metabolic stress in elderly patients who have a fracture of the hip., J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1992. 74 (2)(2): p. 251-60., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1541619/

167. Pedersen, NW, Pedersen, D, Nutrition as a prognostic indicator in amputations. A prospective study of 47 cases., Acta Orthop Scand, 1992. 63 (6)(6): p. 675-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1471521/

168. Rey-Ferro, M, Castaño, R, Orozco, O, Serna, A, Moreno, A, Nutritional and immunologic evaluation of patients with gastric cancer before and after surgery., Nutrition, 1997. 13 (10)(10): p. 878-81., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9357024/

169. van Bokhorst-de van der Schuer, , van Leeuwen, PA, Kuik, DJ, Klop, WM, Sauerwein, HP, Snow, GB, et.al. The impact of nutritional status on the prognoses of patients with advanced head and neck cancer., Cancer, 1999. 86 (3)(3): p. 519-27., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10430262/

170. Banning, LBD, Ter Beek, L, El Moumni, M, Visser, L, Zeebregts, CJ, Jager-Wittenaar, H, et.al. Vascular Surgery Patients at Risk for Malnutrition Are at an Increased Risk of Developing Postoperative Complications., Ann Vasc Surg, 2020. 64 (): p. 213-220., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31634605/

171. Malone, DL, Genuit, T, Tracy, JK, Gannon, C, Napolitano, LM, Surgical site infections: reanalysis of risk factors., J Surg Res, 2002. 103 (1)(1): p. 89-95., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11855922/

172. van Bokhorst-de van der Schueren, MA, van Leeuwen, PA, Sauerwein, HP, Kuik, DJ, Snow, GB, Quak, JJ, Assessment of malnutrition parameters in head and neck cancer and their relation to postoperative complications., Head Neck, 1997. 19 (5)(5): p. 419-25., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9243270/

173. Gu, A, Malahias, MA, Strigelli, V, Nocon, AA, Sculco, TP, Sculco, PK, Preoperative Malnutrition Negatively Correlates With Postoperative Wound Complications and Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., J Arthroplasty, 2019. 34 (5)(5): p. 1013-1024., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30745081/

174. Sandström, R, Drott, C, Hyltander, A, Arfvidsson, B, Scherstén, T, Wickström, I, et.al. The effect of postoperative intravenous feeding (TPN) on outcome following major surgery evaluated in a randomized study., Ann Surg, 1993. 217 (2)(2): p. 185-95., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8439216/

175. Braga, M, Ljungqvist, O, Soeters, P, Fearon, K, Weimann, A, Bozzetti, F, ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: surgery., Clin Nutr, 2009. 28 (4)(4): p. 378-86., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19464088/

176. Bozzetti, F, Gianotti, L, Braga, M, Di Carlo, V, Mariani, L, Postoperative complications in gastrointestinal cancer patients: the joint role of the nutritional status and the nutritional support., Clin Nutr, 2007. 26 (6)(6): p. 698-709., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17683831/

177. Meyer, L, Meyer, F, Dralle, H, Ernst, M, Lippert, H, Gastinger, I, Insufficiency risk of esophagojejunal anastomosis after total abdominal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma., Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2005. 390 (6)(6): p. 510-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16086189/

178. Wu, W, Zhong, M, Zhu, DM, Song, JQ, Huang, JF, Wang, Q, et.al. Effect of Early Full-Calorie Nutrition Support Following Esophagectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2017. 41 (7)(7): p. 1146-1154., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27208039/

179. Gao, X, Liu, Y, Zhang, L, Zhou, D, Tian, F, Gao, T, et.al. Effect of Early vs Late Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial., JAMA Surg, 2022. 157 (5)(5): p. 384-393., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35293973/

180. Chen, B, Zhou, Y, Yang, P, Wan, HW, Wu, XT, Safety and efficacy of fish oil-enriched parenteral nutrition regimen on postoperative patients undergoing major abdominal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2010. 34 (4)(4): p. 387-94., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20631384/

181. Pradelli, L, Mayer, K, Muscaritoli, M, Heller, AR, n-3 fatty acid-enriched parenteral nutrition regimens in elective surgical and ICU patients: a meta-analysis., Crit Care, 2012. 16 (5)(5): p. R184., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23036226/

182. Tian, H, Yao, X, Zeng, R, Sun, R, Tian, H, Shi, C, et.al. Safety and efficacy of a new parenteral lipid emulsion (SMOF) for surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials., Nutr Rev, 2013. 71 (12)(12): p. 815-21., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24180519/

183. Li, NN, Zhou, Y, Qin, XP, Chen, Y, He, D, Feng, JY, et.al. Does intravenous fish oil benefit patients post-surgery? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials., Clin Nutr, 2014. 33 (2)(2): p. 226-39., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24084088/

184. Mocellin, MC, Fernandes, R, Chagas, TR, Trindade, EBSM, A meta-analysis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids effects on circulating acute-phase protein and cytokines in gastric cancer., Clin Nutr, 2018. 37 (3)(3): p. 840-850., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28666598/

185. Pradelli, L, Mayer, K, Klek, S, Omar Alsaleh, AJ, Clark, RAC, Rosenthal, MD, et.al. ω-3 Fatty-Acid Enriched Parenteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Patients: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2020. 44 (1)(1): p. 44-57., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31250474/

186. Lu, S, Yang, Z, Tang, H, Sun, X, Wang, B, Qu, J, et.al. Associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation and surgical prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Food Chem (Oxf), 2022. 4 (): p. 100099., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35601534/

187. Heller, AR, Rössler, S, Litz, RJ, Stehr, SN, Heller, SC, Koch, R, et.al. Omega-3 fatty acids improve the diagnosis-related clinical outcome., Crit Care Med, 2006. 34 (4)(4): p. 972-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16484909/

188. Heyland, DK, Novak, F, Drover, JW, Jain, M, Su, X, Suchner, U, Should immunonutrition become routine in critically ill patients? A systematic review of the evidence., JAMA, 2001. 286 (8)(8): p. 944-53., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11509059/

189. Stableforth, WD, Thomas, S, Lewis, SJ, A systematic review of the role of immunonutrition in patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer., Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2009. 38 (2)(2): p. 103-10., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19144498/

190. Howes, N, Atkinson, C, Thomas, S, Lewis, SJ, Immunonutrition for patients undergoing surgery for head and neck cancer., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2018. 8 (8)(8): p. CD010954., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30160300/

191. Heys, SD, Walker, LG, Smith, I, Eremin, O, Enteral nutritional supplementation with key nutrients in patients with critical illness and cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials., Ann Surg, 1999. 229 (4)(4): p. 467-77., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10203078/

192. Beale, RJ, Bryg, DJ, Bihari, DJ, Immunonutrition in the critically ill: a systematic review of clinical outcome., Crit Care Med, 1999. 27 (12)(12): p. 2799-805., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10628629/

193. Montejo, JC, Zarazaga, A, López-Martínez, J, Urrútia, G, Roqué, M, Blesa, AL, et.al. Immunonutrition in the intensive care unit. A systematic review and consensus statement., Clin Nutr, 2003. 22 (3)(3): p. 221-33., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12765660/

194. Waitzberg, DL, Saito, H, Plank, LD, Jamieson, GG, Jagannath, P, Hwang, TL, et.al. Postsurgical infections are reduced with specialized nutrition support., World J Surg, 2006. 30 (8)(8): p. 1592-604., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16794908/

195. Wilhelm, SM, Kale-Pradhan, PB, Combination of arginine and omega-3 fatty acids enteral nutrition in critically ill and surgical patients: a meta-analysis., Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol, 2010. 3 (4)(4): p. 459-69., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22111677/

196. Marik, PE, Zaloga, GP, Immunonutrition in high-risk surgical patients: a systematic review and analysis of the literature., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2010. 34 (4)(4): p. 378-86., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20631383/

197. Drover, JW, Dhaliwal, R, Weitzel, L, Wischmeyer, PE, Ochoa, JB, Heyland, DK, Perioperative use of arginine-supplemented diets: a systematic review of the evidence., J Am Coll Surg, 2011. 212 (3)(3): p. 385-99, 399.e1., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21247782/

198. Cerantola, Y, Hübner, M, Grass, F, Demartines, N, Schäfer, M, Immunonutrition in gastrointestinal surgery., Br J Surg, 2011. 98 (1)(1): p. 37-48., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20931620/

199. Zhang, Y, Gu, Y, Guo, T, Li, Y, Cai, H, Perioperative immunonutrition for gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials., Surg Oncol, 2012. 21 (2)(2): p. e87-95., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22317969/

200. Marimuthu, K, Varadhan, KK, Ljungqvist, O, Lobo, DN, A meta-analysis of the effect of combinations of immune modulating nutrients on outcome in patients undergoing major open gastrointestinal surgery., Ann Surg, 2012. 255 (6)(6): p. 1060-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22549749/

201. Osland, E, Hossain, MB, Khan, S, Memon, MA, Effect of timing of pharmaconutrition (immunonutrition) administration on outcomes of elective surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014. 38 (1)(1): p. 53-69., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23411423/

202. Hegazi, RA, Hustead, DS, Evans, DC, Preoperative standard oral nutrition supplements vs immunonutrition: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis., J Am Coll Surg, 2014. 219 (5)(5): p. 1078-87., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25260681/

203. Song, GM, Tian, X, Zhang, L, Ou, YX, Yi, LJ, Shuai, T, et.al. Immunonutrition Support for Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastrointestinal Malignancy: Preoperative, Postoperative, or Perioperative? A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials., Medicine (Baltimore), 2015. 94 (29)(29): p. e1225., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26200648/

204. Song, GM, Tian, X, Liang, H, Yi, LJ, Zhou, JG, Zeng, Z, et.al. Role of Enteral Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials., Medicine (Baltimore), 2015. 94 (31)(31): p. e1311., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26252314/

205. Wong, CS, Aly, EH, The effects of enteral immunonutrition in upper gastrointestinal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Int J Surg, 2016. 29 (): p. 137-50., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27020765/

206. Zhang, C, Chen, B, Jiao, A, Li, F, Wang, B, Sun, N, et.al. The benefit of immunonutrition in patients undergoing hepatectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Oncotarget, 2017. 8 (49)(49): p. 86843-86852., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29156839/

207. Song, GM, Liu, XL, Bian, W, Wu, J, Deng, YH, Zhang, H, et.al. Systematic review with network meta-analysis: comparative efficacy of different enteral immunonutrition formulas in patients underwent gastrectomy., Oncotarget, 2017. 8 (14)(14): p. 23376-23388., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28423579/

208. Cheng, Y, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Wu, J, Zhan, Z, Enteral immunonutrition versus enteral nutrition for gastric cancer patients undergoing a total gastrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis., BMC Gastroenterol, 2018. 18 (1)(1): p. 11., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29338698/

209. Zhang, B, Najarali, Z, Ruo, L, Alhusaini, A, Solis, N, Valencia, M, et.al. Effect of Perioperative Nutritional Supplementation on Postoperative Complications-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., J Gastrointest Surg, 2019. 23 (8)(8): p. 1682-1693., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31062270/

210. Guan, H, Chen, S, Huang, Q, Effects of Enteral Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials., Ann Nutr Metab, 2019. 74 (1)(1): p. 53-61., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30541005/

211. Adiamah, A, Skořepa, P, Weimann, A, Lobo, DN, The Impact of Preoperative Immune Modulating Nutrition on Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis., Ann Surg, 2019. 270 (2)(2): p. 247-256., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30817349/

212. Zhang, X, Chen, X, Yang, J, Hu, Y, Li, K, Effects of nutritional support on the clinical outcomes of well-nourished patients with cancer: a meta-analysis., Eur J Clin Nutr, 2020. 74 (10)(10): p. 1389-1400., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32203230/

213. Yu, K, Zheng, X, Wang, G, Liu, M, Li, Y, Yu, P, et.al. Immunonutrition vs Standard Nutrition for Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Part 1)., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2020. 44 (5)(5): p. 742-767., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31709584/

214. Yang, FA, Chen, YC, Tiong, C, Immunonutrition in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Surgical Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials., Nutrients, 2020. 12 (9)(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32932707/

215. Wong, CS, Praseedom, R, Liau, SS, Perioperative immunonutrition in hepatectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg, 2020. 24 (4)(4): p. 396-414., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33234742/

216. Mingliang, W, Zhangyan, K, Fangfang, F, Huizhen, W, Yongxiang, L, Perioperative immunonutrition in esophageal cancer patients undergoing esophagectomy: the first meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials., Dis Esophagus, 2020. 33 (4)(4):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31950146/

217. Li, XK, Zhou, H, Xu, Y, Cong, ZZ, Wu, WJ, Luo, J, et.al. Enteral immunonutrition versus enteral nutrition for patients undergoing oesophagectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg, 2020. 30 (6)(6): p. 854-862., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32206808/

218. Gao, B, Luo, J, Liu, Y, Zhong, F, Yang, X, Gan, Y, et.al. Clinical Efficacy of Perioperative Immunonutrition Containing Omega-3-Fatty Acids in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials., Ann Nutr Metab, 2020. 76 (6)(6): p. 375-386., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33311018/

219. Buzquurz, F, Bojesen, RD, Grube, C, Madsen, MT, Gögenur, I, Impact of oral preoperative and perioperative immunonutrition on postoperative infection and mortality in patients undergoing cancer surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis., BJS Open, 2020. 4 (5)(5): p. 764-775., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32573977/

220. Shen, J, Dai, S, Li, Z, Dai, W, Hong, J, Huang, J, et.al. Effect of Enteral Immunonutrition in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Front Nutr, 2022. 9 (): p. 941975., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35845793/

221. Khan, A, Wong, J, Riedel, B, Laing, E, Beaumont, A, Kong, J, et.al. The Impact of Peri-operative Enteral Immunonutrition on Post-operative Complications in Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Meta-Analysis., Ann Surg Oncol, 2023. 30 (6)(6): p. 3619-3631., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36820938/

222. Matsui, R, Sagawa, M, Sano, A, Sakai, M, Hiraoka, SI, Tabei, I, et.al. Impact of Perioperative Immunonutrition on Postoperative Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Head and Neck or Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials., Ann Surg, 2024. 279 (3)(3): p. 419-428., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37882375/

223. Slim, K, Badon, F, Vacheron, CH, Occean, BV, Dziri, C, Chambrier, C, Umbrella review of the efficacy of perioperative immunonutrition in visceral surgery., Clin Nutr ESPEN, 2022. 48 (): p. 99-108., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35331540/

224. Liu, K, Ji, S, Xu, Y, Diao, Q, Shao, C, Luo, J, et.al. Safety, feasibility, and effect of an enhanced nutritional support pathway including extended preoperative and home enteral nutrition in patients undergoing enhanced recovery after esophagectomy: a pilot randomized clinical trial., Dis Esophagus, 2020. 33 (2)(2):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31329828/

225. Steffens, D, Young, J, Beckenkamp, PR, Ratcliffe, J, Rubie, F, Ansari, N, et.al. Feasibility and acceptability of a preoperative exercise program for patients undergoing major cancer surgery: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial., Pilot Feasibility Stud, 2021. 7 (1)(1): p. 27., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33441181/

226. Peng, LH, Wang, WJ, Chen, J, Jin, JY, Min, S, Qin, PP, Implementation of the pre-operative rehabilitation recovery protocol and its effect on the quality of recovery after colorectal surgeries., Chin Med J (Engl), 2021. 134 (23)(23): p. 2865-2873., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34732661/

227. Fulop, A, Lakatos, L, Susztak, N, Szijarto, A, Banky, B, The effect of trimodal prehabilitation on the physical and psychological health of patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a randomised clinical trial., Anaesthesia, 2021. 76 (1)(1): p. 82-90., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32761611/

228. Waller, E, Sutton, P, Rahman, S, Allen, J, Saxton, J, Aziz, O, Prehabilitation with wearables versus standard of care before major abdominal cancer surgery: a randomised controlled pilot study (trial registration: NCT04047524)., Surg Endosc, 2022. 36 (2)(2): p. 1008-1017., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33723969/

229. Daniels, SL, Lee, MJ, George, J, Kerr, K, Moug, S, Wilson, TR, et.al. Prehabilitation in elective abdominal cancer surgery in older patients: systematic review and meta-analysis., BJS Open, 2020. 4 (6)(6): p. 1022-41., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32959532/

230. Waterland, JL, McCourt, O, Edbrooke, L, Granger, CL, Ismail, H, Riedel, B, et.al. Efficacy of Prehabilitation Including Exercise on Postoperative Outcomes Following Abdominal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis., Front Surg, 2021. 8 (): p. 628848., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33816546/

231. Lambert, JE, Hayes, LD, Keegan, TJ, Subar, DA, Gaffney, CJ, The Impact of Prehabilitation on Patient Outcomes in Hepatobiliary, Colorectal, and Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A PRISMA-Accordant Meta-analysis., Ann Surg, 2021. 274 (1)(1): p. 70-77., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33201129/

232. Molenaar, CJ, van Rooijen, SJ, Fokkenrood, HJ, Roumen, RM, Janssen, L, Slooter, GD, Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications and improve quality of life in colorectal cancer surgery., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2022. 5 (5)(5): p. CD013259., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35588252/

233. Berkel, AEM, Bongers, BC, Kotte, H, Weltevreden, P, de Jongh, FHC, Eijsvogel, MMM, et.al. Effects of Community-based Exercise Prehabilitation for Patients Scheduled for Colorectal Surgery With High Risk for Postoperative Complications: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial., Ann Surg, 2022. 275 (2)(2): p. e299-e306., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33443905/

234. McIsaac, DI, Gill, M, Boland, L, Hutton, B, Branje, K, Shaw, J, et.al. Prehabilitation in adult patients undergoing surgery: an umbrella review of systematic reviews., Br J Anaesth, 2022. 128 (2)(2): p. 244-257., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34922735/

235. Post, S, Vilz, T, [S3 Guideline "Perioperative management of gastrointestinal tumors (POMGAT)"]., Chirurgie (Heidelb), 2023. 94 (5)(5): p. 468., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37133564/

236. McIsaac, DI, Kidd, G, Gillis, C, Branje, K, Al-Bayati, M, Baxi, A, et.al. Relative efficacy of prehabilitation interventions and their components: systematic review with network and component network meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials., BMJ, 2025. 388 (): p. e081164., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39843215/

237. Veterans Affairs Total Parenteral Nutrition Cooperative Study Group, Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in surgical patients., N Engl J Med, 1991. 325 (8)(8): p. 525-32., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1906987/

238. Von Meyenfeldt, MF, Meijerink, WJ, Rouflart, MM, Builmaassen, MT, Soeters, PB, Perioperative nutritional support: a randomised clinical trial., Clin Nutr, 1992. 11 (4)(4): p. 180-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16839996/

239. Bozzetti, F, Gavazzi, C, Miceli, R, Rossi, N, Mariani, L, Cozzaglio, L, et.al. Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in malnourished, gastrointestinal cancer patients: a randomized, clinical trial., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2000. 24 (1)(1): p. 7-14., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10638466/

240. Fukuda, Y, Yamamoto, K, Hirao, M, Nishikawa, K, Maeda, S, Haraguchi, N, et.al. Prevalence of Malnutrition Among Gastric Cancer Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy and Optimal Preoperative Nutritional Support for Preventing Surgical Site Infections., Ann Surg Oncol, 2015. 22 Suppl 3 (): p. S778-85., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26286199/

241. Wada, N, Kurokawa, Y, Tanaka, K, Miyazaki, Y, Makino, T, Takahashi, T, et.al. Perioperative Nutritional Support With Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, Arginine, and Glutamine in Surgery for Abdominal Malignancies., Wounds, 2018. 30 (9)(9): p. 251-256., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30256751/

242. Heyland, DK, Montalvo, M, MacDonald, S, Keefe, L, Su, XY, Drover, JW, Total parenteral nutrition in the surgical patient: a meta-analysis., Can J Surg, 2001. 44 (2)(2): p. 102-11., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11308231/

243. Burden, S, Todd, C, Hill, J, Lal, S, Pre-operative nutrition support in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 11 (): p. CD008879., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23152265/

244. Sowerbutts, AM, Burden, S, Sremanakova, J, French, C, Knight, SR, Harrison, EM, Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2024. 4 (4)(4): p. CD008879., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38588454/

245. Cederholm, T, Barazzoni, R, Austin, P, Ballmer, P, Biolo, G, Bischoff, SC, et.al. ESPEN guidelines on definitions and terminology of clinical nutrition., Clin Nutr, 2017. 36 (1)(1): p. 49-64., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27642056/

246. MacFie, J, Woodcock, NP, Palmer, MD, Walker, A, Townsend, S, Mitchell, CJ, Oral dietary supplements in pre- and postoperative surgical patients: a prospective and randomized clinical trial., Nutrition, 2000. 16 (9)(9): p. 723-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10978851/

247. Smedley, F, Bowling, T, James, M, Stokes, E, Goodger, C, O'Connor, O, et.al. Randomized clinical trial of the effects of preoperative and postoperative oral nutritional supplements on clinical course and cost of care., Br J Surg, 2004. 91 (8)(8): p. 983-90., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15286958/

248. Burden, ST, Hill, J, Shaffer, JL, Campbell, M, Todd, C, An unblinded randomised controlled trial of preoperative oral supplements in colorectal cancer patients., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2011. 24 (5)(5): p. 441-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21699587/

249. Kong, SH, Lee, HJ, Na, JR, Kim, WG, Han, DS, Park, SH, et.al. Effect of perioperative oral nutritional supplementation in malnourished patients who undergo gastrectomy: A prospective randomized trial., Surgery, 2018. 164 (6)(6): p. 1263-1270., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30055788/

250. Elia, M, Normand, C, Norman, K, Laviano, A, A systematic review of the cost and cost effectiveness of using standard oral nutritional supplements in the hospital setting., Clin Nutr, 2016. 35 (2)(2): p. 370-380., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26123475/

251. Gillis, C, Buhler, K, Bresee, L, Carli, F, Gramlich, L, Culos-Reed, N, et.al. Effects of Nutritional Prehabilitation, With and Without Exercise, on Outcomes of Patients Who Undergo Colorectal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis., Gastroenterology, 2018. 155 (2)(2): p. 391-410.e4., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29750973/

252. Bruns, ERJ, Argillander, TE, Van Den Heuvel, B, Buskens, CJ, Van Duijvendijk, P, Winkels, RM, et.al. Oral Nutrition as a Form of Pre-Operative Enhancement in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review., Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2018. 19 (1)(1): p. 1-10., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29049000/

253. Kudsk, KA, Croce, MA, Fabian, TC, Minard, G, Tolley, EA, Poret, HA, et.al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma., Ann Surg, 1992. 215 (5)(5): p. 503-11; discussion 511-3., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1616387/

254. Kompan, L, Kremzar, B, Gadzijev, E, Prosek, M, Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury., Intensive Care Med, 1999. 25 (2)(2): p. 157-61., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10193541/

255. Moore, FA, Feliciano, DV, Andrassy, RJ, McArdle, AH, Booth, FV, Morgenstein-Wagner, TB, et.al. Early enteral feeding, compared with parenteral, reduces postoperative septic complications. The results of a meta-analysis., Ann Surg, 1992. 216 (2)(2): p. 172-83., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1386982/

256. Perel, P, Yanagawa, T, Bunn, F, Roberts, I, Wentz, R, Pierro, A, Nutritional support for head-injured patients., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2006. 2006 (4)(4): p. CD001530., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17054137/

257. Gupta, V, Benefits versus risks: a prospective audit. Feeding jejunostomy during esophagectomy., World J Surg, 2009. 33 (7)(7): p. 1432-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19387726/

258. Gerritsen, A, Besselink, MG, Cieslak, KP, Vriens, MR, Steenhagen, E, van Hillegersberg, R, et.al. Efficacy and complications of nasojejunal, jejunostomy and parenteral feeding after pancreaticoduodenectomy., J Gastrointest Surg, 2012. 16 (6)(6): p. 1144-51., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22528573/

259. Holmén, A, Hayami, M, Szabo, E, Rouvelas, I, Agustsson, T, Klevebro, F, Nutritional jejunostomy in esophagectomy for cancer, a national register-based cohort study of associations with postoperative outcomes and survival., Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2021. 406 (5)(5): p. 1415-1423., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33230577/

260. Han-Geurts, IJ, Hop, WC, Verhoef, C, Tran, KT, Tilanus, HW, Randomized clinical trial comparing feeding jejunostomy with nasoduodenal tube placement in patients undergoing oesophagectomy., Br J Surg, 2007. 94 (1)(1): p. 31-5., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17117432/

261. Zhu, X, Wu, Y, Qiu, Y, Jiang, C, Ding, Y, Comparative analysis of the efficacy and complications of nasojejunal and jejunostomy on patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy., JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 2014. 38 (8)(8): p. 996-1002., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23963691/

262. Markides, GA, Alkhaffaf, B, Vickers, J, Nutritional access routes following oesophagectomy--a systematic review., Eur J Clin Nutr, 2011. 65 (5)(5): p. 565-73., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21407246/

263. Gerritsen, A, Besselink, MG, Gouma, DJ, Steenhagen, E, Borel Rinkes, IH, Molenaar, IQ, Systematic review of five feeding routes after pancreatoduodenectomy., Br J Surg, 2013. 100 (5)(5): p. 589-98; discussion 599., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23354970/

264. Tanaka, M, Heckler, M, Mihaljevic, AL, Probst, P, Klaiber, U, Heger, U, et.al. Meta-analysis of effect of routine enteral nutrition on postoperative outcomes after pancreatoduodenectomy., Br J Surg, 2019. 106 (9)(9): p. 1138-1146., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31241185/

265. Shen, X, Zhuo, ZG, Li, G, Alai, GH, Song, TN, Xu, ZJ, et.al. Is the routine placement of a feeding jejunostomy during esophagectomy worthwhile?-a systematic review and meta-analysis., Ann Palliat Med, 2021. 10 (4)(4): p. 4232-4241., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33894727/

266. Li, HN, Chen, Y, Dai, L, Wang, YY, Chen, MW, Mei, LX, A Meta-analysis of Jejunostomy Versus Nasoenteral Tube for Enteral Nutrition Following Esophagectomy., J Surg Res, 2021. 264 (): p. 553-561., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33864963/

267. Hatao, F, Chen, KY, Wu, JM, Wang, MY, Aikou, S, Onoyama, H, et.al. Randomized controlled clinical trial assessing the effects of oral nutritional supplements in postoperative gastric cancer patients., Langenbecks Arch Surg, 2017. 402 (2)(2): p. 203-211., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27807617/

268. Meng, Q, Tan, S, Jiang, Y, Han, J, Xi, Q, Zhuang, Q, et.al. Post-discharge oral nutritional supplements with dietary advice in patients at nutritional risk after surgery for gastric cancer: A randomized clinical trial., Clin Nutr, 2021. 40 (1)(1): p. 40-46., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32563598/

269. Baker, M, Halliday, V, Williams, RN, Bowrey, DJ, A systematic review of the nutritional consequences of esophagectomy., Clin Nutr, 2016. 35 (5)(5): p. 987-94., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26411750/

270. Bowrey, DJ, Baker, M, Halliday, V, Thomas, AL, Pulikottil-Jacob, R, Smith, K, et.al. A randomised controlled trial of six weeks of home enteral nutrition versus standard care after oesophagectomy or total gastrectomy for cancer: report on a pilot and feasibility study., Trials, 2015. 16 (): p. 531., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26590903/

271. Lidoriki, I, Schizas, D, Mylonas, KS, Frountzas, M, Mastoraki, A, Pikoulis, E, et.al. Oral Nutritional Supplementation Following Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Prospective Analysis Exploring Potential Barriers to Compliance., J Am Coll Nutr, 2020. 39 (7)(7): p. 650-656., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32017674/

272. Wobith, M, Wehle, L, Haberzettl, D, Acikgöz, A, Weimann, A, Needle Catheter Jejunostomy in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Upper Gastrointestinal and Pancreato-Biliary Cancer-Impact on Nutritional and Clinical Outcome in the Early and Late Postoperative Period., Nutrients, 2020. 12 (9)(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32854177/

273. Xueting, H, Li, L, Meng, Y, Yuqing, C, Yutong, H, Lihong, Q, et.al. Home enteral nutrition and oral nutritional supplements in postoperative patients with upper gastrointestinal malignancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis., Clin Nutr, 2021. 40 (5)(5): p. 3082-3093., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33279310/

274. Seo, JY, Kim, JH, Kong, YY, Unraveling the Paradoxical Action of Androgens on Muscle Stem Cells., Mol Cells, 2019. 42 (2)(2): p. 97-103., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30759971/

275. Burney, BO, Hayes, TG, Smiechowska, J, Cardwell, G, Papusha, V, Bhargava, P, et.al. Low testosterone levels and increased inflammatory markers in patients with cancer and relationship with cachexia., J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2012. 97 (5)(5): p. E700-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22419719/

276. Chlebowski, RT, Herrold, J, Ali, I, Oktay, E, Chlebowski, JS, Ponce, AT, et.al. Influence of nandrolone decanoate on weight loss in advanced non-small cell lung cancer., Cancer, 1986. 58 (1)(1): p. 183-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3518910/

277. Loprinzi, CL, Kugler, JW, Sloan, JA, Mailliard, JA, Krook, JE, Wilwerding, MB, et.al. Randomized comparison of megestrol acetate versus dexamethasone versus fluoxymesterone for the treatment of cancer anorexia/cachexia., J Clin Oncol, 1999. 17 (10)(10): p. 3299-306., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10506633/

278. Wright, TJ, Dillon, EL, Durham, WJ, Chamberlain, A, Randolph, KM, Danesi, C, et.al. A randomized trial of adjunct testosterone for cancer-related muscle loss in men and women., J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2018. 9 (3)(3): p. 482-496., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29654645/

279. Rhee, H, Navaratnam, A, Oleinikova, I, Gilroy, D, Scuderi, Y, Heathcote, P, et.al. A Novel Liver-targeted Testosterone Therapy for Sarcopenia in Androgen Deprived Men With Prostate Cancer., J Endocr Soc, 2021. 5 (9)(9): p. bvab116., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34308090/

280. Rossetti, ML, Steiner, JL, Gordon, BS, Androgen-mediated regulation of skeletal muscle protein balance., Mol Cell Endocrinol, 2017. 447 (): p. 35-44., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28237723/

281. Arends, J, Strasser, F, Gonella, S, Solheim, TS, Madeddu, C, Ravasco, P, et.al. Cancer cachexia in adult patients: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines, ESMO Open, 2021. 6 (3)(3): p. 100092., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34144781/

282. Roeland, EJ, Bohlke, K, Baracos, VE, Bruera, E, Del Fabbro, E, Dixon, S, et.al. Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline., J Clin Oncol, 2020. 38 (21)(21): p. 2438-2453., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32432946/

283. Lundholm, K, Gelin, J, Hyltander, A, Lönnroth, C, Sandström, R, Svaninger, G, et.al. Anti-inflammatory treatment may prolong survival in undernourished patients with metastatic solid tumors., Cancer Res, 1994. 54 (21)(21): p. 5602-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7923204/

284. Yavuzsen, T, Davis, MP, Walsh, D, LeGrand, S, Lagman, R, Systematic review of the treatment of cancer-associated anorexia and weight loss., J Clin Oncol, 2005. 23 (33)(33): p. 8500-11., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16293879/

285. Paulsen, O, Klepstad, P, Rosland, JH, Aass, N, Albert, E, Fayers, P, et.al. Efficacy of methylprednisolone on pain, fatigue, and appetite loss in patients with advanced cancer using opioids: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial., J Clin Oncol, 2014. 32 (29)(29): p. 3221-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25002731/

286. Miller, S, McNutt, L, McCann, MA, McCorry, N, Use of corticosteroids for anorexia in palliative medicine: a systematic review., J Palliat Med, 2014. 17 (4)(4): p. 482-5., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24702642/

287. Currow, DC, Glare, P, Louw, S, Martin, P, Clark, K, Fazekas, B, et.al. A randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of megestrol acetate or dexamethasone in treating symptomatic anorexia in people with advanced cancer., Sci Rep, 2021. 11 (1)(1): p. 2421., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33510313/

288. Della Cuna, GR, Pellegrini, A, Piazzi, M, Effect of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on quality of life in preterminal cancer patients: a placebo-controlled, multicenter study. The Methylprednisolone Preterminal Cancer Study Group., Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 1989. 25 (12)(12): p. 1817-21., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2698804/

289. Popiela, T, Lucchi, R, Giongo, F, Methylprednisolone as palliative therapy for female terminal cancer patients. The Methylprednisolone Female Preterminal Cancer Study Group., Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol, 1989. 25 (12)(12): p. 1823-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2483687/

290. Bruera, E, Roca, E, Cedaro, L, Carraro, S, Chacon, R, Action of oral methylprednisolone in terminal cancer patients: a prospective randomized double-blind study., Cancer Treat Rep, 1985. 69 (7-8)(7-8): p. 751-4., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2410117/

291. Willox, JC, Corr, J, Shaw, J, Richardson, M, Calman, KC, Drennan, M, Prednisolone as an appetite stimulant in patients with cancer., Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1984. 288 (6410)(6410): p. 27., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6418303/

292. Moertel, CG, Schutt, AJ, Reitemeier, RJ, Hahn, RG, Corticosteroid therapy of preterminal gastrointestinal cancer., Cancer, 1974. 33 (6)(6): p. 1607-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4135151/

293. Zhang, F, Shen, A, Jin, Y, Qiang, W, The management strategies of cancer-associated anorexia: a critical appraisal of systematic reviews., BMC Complement Altern Med, 2018. 18 (1)(1): p. 236., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30092794/

294. Jatoi, A, Windschitl, HE, Loprinzi, CL, Sloan, JA, Dakhil, SR, Mailliard, JA, et.al. Dronabinol versus megestrol acetate versus combination therapy for cancer-associated anorexia: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group study., J Clin Oncol, 2002. 20 (2)(2): p. 567-73., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11786587/

295. Jatoi, A, Rowland, K, Loprinzi, CL, Sloan, JA, Dakhil, SR, MacDonald, N, et.al. An eicosapentaenoic acid supplement versus megestrol acetate versus both for patients with cancer-associated wasting: a North Central Cancer Treatment Group and National Cancer Institute of Canada collaborative effort., J Clin Oncol, 2004. 22 (12)(12): p. 2469-76., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15197210/

296. Ruiz Garcia, V, López-Briz, E, Carbonell Sanchis, R, Gonzalvez Perales, JL, Bort-Marti, S, Megestrol acetate for treatment of anorexia-cachexia syndrome., Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2013. 2013 (3)(3): p. CD004310., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23543530/

297. Ruiz-García, V, López-Briz, E, Carbonell-Sanchis, R, Bort-Martí, S, Gonzálvez-Perales, JL, Megestrol acetate for cachexia-anorexia syndrome. A systematic review., J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle, 2018. 9 (3)(3): p. 444-452., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29542279/

298. Sathiaraj, E, Afshan, K, R, S, Jadoni, A, Murugan, K, Patil, S, et.al. Effects of a Plant-Based High-Protein Diet on Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy - a Randomized Controlled Trial., Nutr Cancer, 2023. 75 (3)(3): p. 846-856., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36546552/

299. Klug, A , Barbaresko, J , Alexy, U, Kühn, T , Kroke, A , Lotze-Campen, H , et.al. Update of the DGE position on vegan diet - Position statement of the German Nutrition Society (DGE).Ernährungs Umschau, 2024. p. 60 - 85.

300. Bauersfeld, SP, Kessler, CS, Wischnewsky, M, Jaensch, A, Steckhan, N, Stange, R, et.al. The effects of short-term fasting on quality of life and tolerance to chemotherapy in patients with breast and ovarian cancer: a randomized cross-over pilot study., BMC Cancer, 2018. 18 (1)(1): p. 476., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29699509/

301. de Groot, S, Lugtenberg, RT, Cohen, D, Welters, MJP, Ehsan, I, Vreeswijk, MPG, et.al. Fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer in the multicentre randomized phase 2 DIRECT trial., Nat Commun, 2020. 11 (1)(1): p. 3083., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32576828/

302. Lugtenberg, RT, de Groot, S, Kaptein, AA, Fischer, MJ, Kranenbarg, EM, Carpentier, MD, et.al. Quality of life and illness perceptions in patients with breast cancer using a fasting mimicking diet as an adjunct to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the phase 2 DIRECT (BOOG 2013-14) trial., Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2021. 185 (3)(3): p. 741-758., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33179154/

303. Freedland, SJ, Allen, J, Jarman, A, Oyekunle, T, Armstrong, AJ, Moul, JW, et.al. A Randomized Controlled Trial of a 6-Month Low-Carbohydrate Intervention on Disease Progression in Men with Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Carbohydrate and Prostate Study 2 (CAPS2)., Clin Cancer Res, 2020. 26 (12)(12): p. 3035-3043., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32108029/

304. Khodabakhshi, A, Akbari, ME, Mirzaei, HR, Mehrad-Majd, H, Kalamian, M, Davoodi, SH, Feasibility, Safety, and Beneficial Effects of MCT-Based Ketogenic Diet for Breast Cancer Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study., Nutr Cancer, 2020. 72 (4)(4): p. 627-634., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31496287/

305. Cohen, CW, Fontaine, KR, Arend, RC, Soleymani, T, Gower, BA, Favorable Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Physical Function, Perceived Energy, and Food Cravings in Women with Ovarian or Endometrial Cancer: A Randomized, Controlled Trial., Nutrients, 2018. 10 (9)(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30200193/

306. Erickson, N, Boscheri, A, Linke, B, Huebner, J, Systematic review: isocaloric ketogenic dietary regimes for cancer patients., Med Oncol, 2017. 34 (5)(5): p. 72., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28353094/

307. Martin-McGill, KJ, Marson, AG, Tudur Smith, C, Young, B, Mills, SJ, Cherry, MG, et.al. Ketogenic diets as an adjuvant therapy for glioblastoma (KEATING): a randomized, mixed methods, feasibility study., J Neurooncol, 2020. 147 (1)(1): p. 213-227., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32036576/

308. Klement, RJ, Brehm, N, Sweeney, RA, Ketogenic diets in medical oncology: a systematic review with focus on clinical outcomes., Med Oncol, 2020. 37 (2)(2): p. 14., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31927631/

309. Maisch, P, Gschwend, JE, Retz, M, [Efficacy of a ketogenic diet in urological cancers patients : A systematic review]., Urologe A, 2018. 57 (3)(3): p. 307-313., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29322234/

310. Winter, SF, Loebel, F, Dietrich, J, Role of ketogenic metabolic therapy in malignant glioma: A systematic review., Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2017. 112 (): p. 41-58., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28325264/

311. Sremanakova, J, Sowerbutts, AM, Burden, S, A systematic review of the use of ketogenic diets in adult patients with cancer., J Hum Nutr Diet, 2018. 31 (6)(6): p. 793-802., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30062812/

312. Nebeling, LC, Lerner, E, Implementing a ketogenic diet based on medium-chain triglyceride oil in pediatric patients with cancer., J Am Diet Assoc, 1995. 95 (6)(6): p. 693-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7759747/

313. Rieger, J, Bähr, O, Maurer, GD, Hattingen, E, Franz, K, Brucker, D, et.al. ERGO: a pilot study of ketogenic diet in recurrent glioblastoma., Int J Oncol, 2014. 44 (6)(6): p. 1843-52., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24728273/

314. Mansoor, N, Vinknes, KJ, Veierød, MB, Retterstøl, K, Effects of low-carbohydrate diets v. low-fat diets on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials., Br J Nutr, 2016. 115 (3)(3): p. 466-79., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26768850/

315. Huebner, J, Marienfeld, S, Abbenhardt, C, Ulrich, C, Muenstedt, K, Micke, O, et.al. Counseling patients on cancer diets: a review of the literature and recommendations for clinical practice., Anticancer Res, 2014. 34 (1)(1): p. 39-48., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24403443/

316. CAM Cancer Collaboration, Budwig Diet, 2023., https://cam-cancer.org/budwig-diet

317. Huebner, J, Löser, C, Stoll, C, Vorstellungen zur Therapie von Malignomen mit Krebsdiäten., Onkologe, 2013. 19: p. 108-116., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-012-2381-0

318. Onkopedia, Breuß-Diät, 2023., https://www.onkopedia.com/de/onkopedia/guidelines/breuss-diaet/@@guideline/html/index.html

319. CAM Caner Collaboration, Breuss Cancer Cure, 2023., https://cam-cancer.org/breuss-cancer-cure

320. Jolles, S, Giralt, S, Kerre, T, Lazarus, HM, Mustafa, SS, Ria, R, et.al. Agents contributing to secondary immunodeficiency development in patients with multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A systematic literature review., Front Oncol, 2023. 13 (): p. 1098326., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36824125/

321. Stosor V, Zembower TR (Hrsg.), Infectious Complications in Cancer Patients, Part of the book series "Cancer Treatment and Research", Vol 161, 2014., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04220-6

322. Tomblyn, M, Chiller, T, Einsele, H, Gress, R, Sepkowitz, K, Storek, J, et.al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective., Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 2009. 15 (10)(10): p. 1143-238., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19747629/

323. Anforderungen an die Infektionsprävention bei der medizinischen Versorgung von immunsupprimierten Patienten, Empfehlung der Kommission für Krankenhaushygiene und Infektionsprävention (KRINKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut. Bundesgesundheitsbl, 2021. 64(2): p. 232-264., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-020-03265-x

324. Toenges, R, Greinix, H, Lawitschka, A, Halter, J, Baumgartner, A, Simon, A, et.al. Current practice in nutrition after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - Results from a survey among hematopoietic stem cell transplant centers., Clin Nutr, 2021. 40 (4)(4): p. 1571-1577., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33744601/

325. Schmidt L, Erickson NT, Reudelsterz C, von Grundherr J, Rubin D, Lambeck A, et.al. Neutropenic diet during high-dose therapy: a risk for patients, Ernährungsumschau, 2022. 69(3): p. 24–9., https://www.ernaehrungs-umschau.de/english-articles/19-07-2022-neutropenic-diet-during-high-dose-therapy-a-risk-for-patients/

326. Gardner, A, Mattiuzzi, G, Faderl, S, Borthakur, G, Garcia-Manero, G, Pierce, S, et.al. Randomized comparison of cooked and noncooked diets in patients undergoing remission induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia., J Clin Oncol, 2008. 26 (35)(35): p. 5684-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18955453/

327. Lassiter, M, Schneider, SM, A pilot study comparing the neutropenic diet to a non-neutropenic diet in the allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation population., Clin J Oncol Nurs, 2015. 19 (3)(3): p. 273-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26000578/

328. Radhakrishnan, V, Lagudu, PBB, Gangopadhyay, D, Vijaykumar, V, Rajaraman, S, Perumal Kalaiyarasi, J, et.al. Neutropenic versus regular diet for acute leukaemia induction chemotherapy: randomised controlled trial., BMJ Support Palliat Care, 2022. 12 (4)(4): p. 421-430., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35803707/

329. Stella, F, Marasco, V, Levati, GV, Guidetti, A, De Filippo, A, Pennisi, M, et.al. Nonrestrictive diet does not increase infections during post-HSCT neutropenia: data from a multicenter randomized trial., Blood Adv, 2023. 7 (19)(19): p. 5996-6004., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37450382

330. DeMille, D, Deming, P, Lupinacci, P, Jacobs, LA, The effect of the neutropenic diet in the outpatient setting: a pilot study., Oncol Nurs Forum, 2006. 33 (2)(2): p. 337-43., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16518449/

331. Zhang, X, Tang, T, Pang, L, Sharma, SV, Li, R, Nyitray, AG, et.al. Malnutrition and overall survival in older adults with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis., J Geriatr Oncol, 2019. 10 (6)(6): p. 874-883., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30917937/

332. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) e.V., Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe (DKH), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) e.V.), Erweiterte S3-Leitlinie Palliativmedizin für Patienten mit einer nicht-heilbaren Krebserkrankung, Langversion 2.2, AWMF-Registernummer: 128/001OL, 2020 (abgerufen am: 27.11.2025)., https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/leitlinien/palliativmedizin/

333. Bouleuc, C, Anota, A, Cornet, C, Grodard, G, Thiery-Vuillemin, A, Dubroeucq, O, et.al. Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life of Parenteral Nutrition for Patients with Advanced Cancer Cachexia: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial., Oncologist, 2020. 25 (5)(5): p. e843-e851., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32212354/

334. Strätling, M, Schmucker, P, Bartmann, F, Künstliche Ernährung, Gut gemeint ist nicht immer gut gemacht, Deutsches Ärzteblatt, 2005. 102: p. 31-32., https://api.aerzteblatt.de/pdf/102/31/a2153.pdf

335. Gendlin, E, Wiltschko, J, Focusing in der PraxisStuttgart, Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart, Klett-Cotta, 2021, 7. Auflage., https://www.klett-cotta.de/produkt/focusing-in-der-praxis-9783608890624-t-3078

336. DGP-Sektion Pflege, Ernährung und Flüssigkeit in der letzten Lebensphase, Leitlinien der DGP Sektion Pflege, Stand 2014., https://www.dgpalliativmedizin.de/images/stories/pdf/Leitlinie_Ern%C3%A4hrung_end.pdf

337. Ärztliches Zentrum für Qualität in der Medizin (ÄZQ), Manual Qualitätsindikatoren., Manual für Autoren., 2009.

338. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft (DKG) e.V., Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe (DKH), Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) e.V.), Entwicklung von leitlinienbasierten Qualitätsindikatoren, Methodenpapier für das Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie, Version 4.0, 2025 (abgerufen am: 27.11.2025)., https://www.leitlinienprogramm-onkologie.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Downloads/Methodik/QIEP_OL_2025__Version_4.0.pdf