Leitlinienprogramm OnkologieEndometriumkarzinom

18. Literaturverzeichnis – Endometriumkarzinom

Version 4.1 · Juli 2026 · AWMF 032-034OL
Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie · Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft · Deutsche Krebshilfe · AWMF

1. ICD-10-GM 2018 Systematisches Verzeichnis : Internationale statistische Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme, 2017.

2. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF) - Ständige Kommission Leitlinien, AWMF-Regelwerk „Leitlinien“, Auflage 2.1 2023.

3. Atkins, D., Best, D., Briss, P. A., Eccles, M., Falck-Ytter, Y., Flottorp, S., et.al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, BMJ, 2004. 328: p. 1490., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205295

4. Robert, Koch-Institut, Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e, V., Krebs in Deutschland 2015/2016, 2019.

5. Tempfer, CB, Hilal, Z, Kern, P, Juhasz-Boess, I, Rezniczek, GA, Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (8)(8):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32781573/

6. Marjoribanks, J., Farquhar, C., Roberts, H., Lethaby, A., Lee, J., Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017. 1(1): p. Cd004143.

7. Beral, V., Bull, D., Reeves, G., Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study, Lancet, 2005. 365: p. 1543-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15866308

8. Lacey, J. V., Jr., Brinton, L. A., Lubin, J. H., Sherman, M. E., Schatzkin, A., Schairer, C., Endometrial carcinoma risks among menopausal estrogen plus progestin and unopposed estrogen users in a cohort of postmenopausal women, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2005. 14: p. 1724-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16030108

9. Nelson, H. D., Humphrey, L. L., Nygren, P., Teutsch, S. M., Allan, J. D., Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review, JAMA, 2002. 288: p. 872-81., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12186605

10. Grady, D., Gebretsadik, T., Kerlikowske, K., Ernster, V., Petitti, D., Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis (Structured abstract), Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995. 85: p. 304-313., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824251

11. Allen, N. E., Tsilidis, K. K., Key, T. J., Dossus, L., Kaaks, R., Lund, E., et.al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial carcinoma among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, Am J Epidemiol, 2010. 172: p. 1394-403., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961969

12. Chlebowski, R. T., Anderson, G. L., Sarto, G. E., Haque, R., Runowicz, C. D., Aragaki, A. K., et.al. Continuous Combined Estrogen Plus Progestin and Endometrial Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2015. 108:, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26668177

13. Mørch, LS, Kjaer, SK, Keiding, N, Løkkegaard, E, Lidegaard, Ø, The influence of hormone therapies on type I and II endometrial cancer: A nationwide cohort study., Int J Cancer, 2016. 138 (6)(6): p. 1506-15., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26421912/

14. Doherty, J. A., Cushing-Haugen, K. L., Saltzman, B. S., Voigt, L. F., Hill, D. A., Beresford, S. A., et.al. Long-term use of postmenopausal estrogen and progestin hormone therapies and the risk of endometrial cancer, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 197: p. 139 e1-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17689625

15. Sjögren, L. L., Mørch, L. S., Løkkegaard, E., Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review, Maturitas, 2016. 91: p. 25-35.

16. Fournier, A., Dossus, L., Mesrine, S., Vilier, A., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Clavel-Chapelon, F., et.al. Risks of endometrial cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies in the E3N cohort, 1992-2008, Am J Epidemiol, 2014. 180: p. 508-17., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008104

17. Razavi, P., Pike, M. C., Horn-Ross, P. L., Templeman, C., Bernstein, L., Ursin, G., Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010. 19: p. 475-83., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20086105

18. Crosbie, E. J., Zwahlen, M., Kitchener, H. C., Egger, M., Renehan, A. G., Body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010. 19: p. 3119-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030602

19. Judd, H.L., Mebane-Sims, I., Legault, C., Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial, JAMA, 1996. 275: p. 370-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8569016

20. Phipps, A. I., Doherty, J. A., Voigt, L. F., Hill, D. A., Beresford, S. A., Rossing, M. A., et.al. Long-term use of continuous-combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer, Cancer Causes Control, 2011. 22: p. 1639-46., https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10552-011-9840-6

21. Al-Mubarak, M., Tibau, A., Templeton, A. J., Cescon, D. W., Ocana, A., Seruga, B., et.al. Extended adjuvant tamoxifen for early breast cancer: a meta-analysis, PLoS One, 2014. 9: p. e88238., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586311

22. Emons, G., Mustea, A., Tempfer, C., Tamoxifen and Endometrial Cancer: A Janus-Headed Drug, Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32906618/

23. Clarke, M. J, WITHDRAWN: Tamoxifen for early breast cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008. p. Cd000486., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843611

24. Braithwaite, R. S., Chlebowski, R. T., Lau, J., George, S., Hess, R., Col, N. F., Meta-analysis of vascular and neoplastic events associated with tamoxifen, J Gen Intern Med, 2003. 18: p. 937-47., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687281

25. Nelson, H. D., Smith, M. E., Griffin, J. C., Fu, R., Use of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Ann Intern Med, 2013. 158: p. 604-14., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23588749

26. DeMichele, A., Troxel, A. B., Berlin, J. A., Weber, A. L., Bunin, G. R., Turzo, E., et.al. Impact of raloxifene or tamoxifen use on endometrial cancer risk: a population-based case-control study, J Clin Oncol, 2008. 26: p. 4151-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757329

27. Ignatov, A, Ortmann, O, Endocrine Risk Factors of Endometrial Cancer: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Oral Contraceptives, Infertility, Tamoxifen., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (7)(7):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32630728/

28. Dossus, L., Allen, N., Kaaks, R., Bakken, K., Lund, E., Tjonneland, A., et.al. Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Int J Cancer, 2009. 127: p. 442-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924816

29. Gorenoi, V., Schonermark, M. P., Hagen, A., Benefits and risks of hormonal contraception for women, GMS Health Technol Assess, 2007. 3: p. Doc06., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21289940

30. Schlesselman, J. J., Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of combined oral contraceptives. A practitioner's guide to meta-analysis, Hum Reprod, 1997. 12: p. 1851-63., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9363696

31. Gierisch, J. M., Coeytaux, R. R., Urrutia, R. P., Havrilesky, L. J., Moorman, P. G., Lowery, W. J., et.al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2013. 22: p. 1931-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014598

32. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies on Endometrial Cancer, Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27 276 women with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies, Lancet Oncol, 2015. 16: p. 1061-1070., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26254030

33. Skalkidou, A., Sergentanis, T. N., Gialamas, S. P., Georgakis, M. K., Psaltopoulou, T., Trivella, M., et.al. Risk of endometrial cancer in women treated with ovary-stimulating drugs for subfertility, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017. 3(3): p. Cd010931.

34. Barcroft, JF, Galazis, N, Jones, BP, Getreu, N, Bracewell-Milnes, T, Grewal, KJ, et.al. Fertility treatment and cancers-the eternal conundrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Hum Reprod, 2021. 36 (4)(4): p. 1093-1107., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33586777/

35. Parazzini, F., Pelucchi, C., Talamini, R., Montella, M., La Vecchia, C., Use of fertility drugs and risk of endometrial cancer in an Italian case-control study, Eur J Cancer Prev, 2010. 19: p. 428-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634699

36. Siristatidis, C., Sergentanis, T. N., Kanavidis, P., Trivella, M., Sotiraki, M., Mavromatis, I., et.al. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF: impact on ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer--a systematic review and meta-analysis, Human Reproduction Update, 2013. 19: p. 105-123., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255514

37. Formoso, G., Perrone, E., Maltoni, S., Balduzzi, S., D'Amico, R., Bassi, C., et.al. Short and long term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 2: p. Cd008536.

38. Ettinger, B., Kenemans, P., Johnson, S. R., Mol-Arts, M., Van Os, S., Seifert, W., et.al. Endometrial effects of tibolone in elderly, osteoporotic women, Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 112: p. 653-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757665

39. Dörk, T, Hillemanns, P, Tempfer, C, Breu, J, Fleisch, MC, Genetic Susceptibility to Endometrial Cancer: Risk Factors and Clinical Management., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (9)(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32854222/

40. Setiawan, V. W., Pike, M. C., Karageorgi, S., Deming, S. L., Anderson, K., Bernstein, L., et.al. Age at last birth in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: pooled analysis in the epidemiology of endometrial cancer consortium, Am J Epidemiol, 2012. 176: p. 269-78., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22831825

41. Karageorgi, S., Hankinson, S. E., Kraft, P., De Vivo, I., Reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use in relation to endometrial cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study cohort 1976-2004, Int J Cancer, 2009. 126: p. 208-16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19551854

42. Friberg, E., Orsini, N., Mantzoros, C. S., Wolk, A., Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 2007. 50: p. 1365-74., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476474

43. Barone, B. B., Yeh, H. C., Snyder, C. F., Peairs, K. S., Stein, K. B., Derr, R. L., et.al. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Jama, 2008. 300: p. 2754-64., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088353

44. Huang, Y., Cai, X., Qiu, M., Chen, P., Tang, H., Hu, Y., et.al. Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 2014. 57: p. 2261-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208757

45. Zhang, Z. H., Su, P. Y., Hao, J. H., Sun, Y. H., The role of preexisting diabetes mellitus on incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2013. 23: p. 294-303., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287960

46. Liao, C, Zhang, D, Mungo, C, Tompkins, DA, Zeidan, AM, Is diabetes mellitus associated with increased incidence and disease-specific mortality in endometrial cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies., Gynecol Oncol, 2014. 135 (1)(1): p. 163-71., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25072931/

47. Luo, J, Beresford, S, Chen, C, Chlebowski, R, Garcia, L, Kuller, L, et.al. Association between diabetes, diabetes treatment and risk of developing endometrial cancer., Br J Cancer, 2014. 111 (7)(7): p. 1432-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25051408/

48. McVicker, L, Cardwell, CR, Edge, L, McCluggage, WG, Quinn, D, Wylie, J, et.al. Survival outcomes in endometrial cancer patients according to diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis., BMC Cancer, 2022. 22 (1)(1): p. 427., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35439978/

49. Gnagnarella, P., Gandini, S., La Vecchia, C., Maisonneuve, P., Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis, Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 87: p. 1793-801., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541570

50. Mulholland, H. G., Murray, L. J., Cardwell, C. R., Cantwell, M. M., Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and endometrial and ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Br J Cancer, 2008. 99: p. 434-41., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527795/

51. Choi, Y., Giovannucci, E., Lee, J. E., Glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to risk of diabetes-related cancers: a meta-analysis, Br J Nutr, 2012. 108: p. 1934-47., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167978

52. Nagle, C. M., Olsen, C. M., Ibiebele, T. I., Spurdle, A. B., Webb, P. M., Glycemic index, glycemic load and endometrial cancer risk: results from the Australian National Endometrial Cancer study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur J Nutr, 2012. 52: p. 705-15., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22648201

53. Bjorge, T., Stocks, T., Lukanova, A., Tretli, S., Selmer, R., Manjer, J., et.al. Metabolic syndrome and endometrial carcinoma, Am J Epidemiol, 2010. 171: p. 892-902., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20219764

54. Esposito, K., Chiodini, P., Colao, A., Lenzi, A., Giugliano, D., Metabolic syndrome and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Diabetes Care, 2012. 35: p. 2402-11., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23093685

55. Baptiste, C. G., Battista, M. C., Trottier, A., Baillargeon, J. P., Insulin and hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol, 2009. 122: p. 42-52., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20036327

56. Palomba, S., de Wilde, M. A., Falbo, A., Koster, M. P., La Sala, G. B., Fauser, B. C., Pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, Hum Reprod Update, 2015. 21: p. 575-92., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26117684

57. Fearnley, E. J., Marquart, L., Spurdle, A. B., Weinstein, P., Webb, P. M., Polycystic ovary syndrome increases the risk of endometrial cancer in women aged less than 50 years: an Australian case-control study, Cancer Causes Control, 2010. 21: p. 2303-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20953904

58. Gottschau, M., Kjaer, S. K., Jensen, A., Munk, C., Mellemkjaer, L., Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study, Gynecol Oncol, 2014. 136: p. 99-103., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451694

59. Chittenden, B. G., Fullerton, G., Maheshwari, A., Bhattacharya, S., Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: a systematic review, Reprod Biomed Online, 2009. 19: p. 398-405., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19778486

60. Haoula, Z., Salman, M., Atiomo, W., Evaluating the association between endometrial cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome, Hum Reprod, 2012. 27: p. 1327-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22367984

61. Barry, J. A., Azizia, M. M., Hardiman, P. J., Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Hum Reprod Update, 2014. 20: p. 748-58., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24688118

62. Li, Z, Wang, YH, Wang, LL, Hu, DT, Teng, Y, Zhang, TY, et.al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer: An updated meta-analysis., Scott Med J, 2022. 67 (3)(3): p. 109-120., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35686317/

63. Ward, K. K., Roncancio, A. M., Shah, N. R., Davis, M. A., Saenz, C. C., McHale, M. T., et.al. The risk of uterine malignancy is linearly associated with body mass index in a cohort of US women, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2013. 209: p. 579 e1-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23938608

64. Renehan, A. G., Tyson, M., Egger, M., Heller, R. F., Zwahlen, M., Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies, Lancet, 2008. 371: p. 569-78., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18280327

65. Dobbins, M., Decorby, K., Choi, B. C., The Association between Obesity and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies from 1985 to 2011, ISRN Prev Med, 2013. 2013: p. 680536., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24977095

66. Bergstrom, A., Pisani, P., Tenet, V., Wolk, A., Adami, H. O., Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe, Int J Cancer, 2001. 91: p. 421-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11169969

67. Reeves, K. W., Carter, G. C., Rodabough, R. J., Lane, D., McNeeley, S. G., Stefanick, M. L., et.al. Obesity in relation to endometrial cancer risk and disease characteristics in the Women's Health Initiative, Gynecol Oncol, 2011. 121: p. 376-82., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21324514

68. Byun, D, Hong, S, Ryu, S, Nam, Y, Jang, H, Cho, Y, et.al. Early-life body mass index and risks of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies., Br J Cancer, 2022. 126 (4)(4): p. 664-672., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34773099/

69. Cote, M. L., Alhajj, T., Ruterbusch, J. J., Bernstein, L., Brinton, L. A., Blot, W. J., et.al. Risk factors for endometrial cancer in black and white women: a pooled analysis from the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2), Cancer Causes Control, 2014. 26: p. 287-96., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25534916

70. Win, A. K., Reece, J. C., Ryan, S., Family history and risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Obstet Gynecol, 2015. 125: p. 89-98., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25560109

71. Liu, J., Jiang, W., Mao, K., An, Y., Su, F., Kim, B. Y., et.al. Elevated risks of subsequent endometrial cancer development among breast cancer survivors with different hormone receptor status: a SEER analysis, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2015. 150: p. 439-45., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25764167

72. Bandera, E. V., Kushi, L. H., Moore, D. F., Gifkins, D. M., McCullough, M. L., Association between dietary fiber and endometrial cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis, Am J Clin Nutr, 2007. 86: p. 1730-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2214669/

73. Myung, S. K., Ju, W., Choi, H. J., Kim, S. C., Soy intake and risk of endocrine-related gynaecological cancer: a meta-analysis, BJOG, 2009. 116: p. 1697-705., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19775307

74. Ollberding, N. J., Lim, U., Wilkens, L. R., Setiawan, V. W., Shvetsov, Y. B., Henderson, B. E., et.al. Legume, soy, tofu, and isoflavone intake and endometrial cancer risk in postmenopausal women in the multiethnic cohort study, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2011. 104: p. 67-76., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22158125

75. Bandera, E. V., Gifkins, D. M., Moore, D. F., McCullough, M. L., Kushi, L. H., Antioxidant vitamins and the risk of endometrial cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis, Cancer Causes Control, 2009. 20: p. 699-711., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19083131

76. Inoue-Choi, M., Robien, K., Mariani, A., Cerhan, J. R., Anderson, K. E., Sugar-sweetened beverage intake and the risk of type I and type II endometrial cancer among postmenopausal women, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2013. 22: p. 2384-94., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273064

77. Yu, X., Bao, Z., Zou, J., Dong, J., Coffee consumption and risk of cancers: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, BMC Cancer, 2011. 11: p. 96., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21406107

78. Je, Y., Hankinson, S. E., Tworoger, S. S., De Vivo, I., Giovannucci, E., A prospective cohort study of coffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer over a 26-year follow-up, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2011. 20: p. 2487-95., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22109346

79. Bravi, F., Scotti, L., Bosetti, C., Gallus, S., Negri, E., La Vecchia, C., et.al. Coffee drinking and endometrial cancer risk: a metaanalysis of observational studies, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2009. 200: p. 130-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19110217

80. Uccella, S., Mariani, A., Wang, A. H., Vierkant, R. A., Cliby, W. A., Robien, K., et.al. Intake of coffee, caffeine and other methylxanthines and risk of Type I vs Type II endometrial cancer, Br J Cancer, 2013. 109: p. 1908-13., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24022184

81. Tang, N. P., Li, H., Qiu, Y. L., Zhou, G. M., Ma, J., Tea consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: a metaanalysis, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2009. 201: p. 605.e1-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19766982

82. Ma, X, Zhao, LG, Sun, JW, Yang, Y, Zheng, JL, Gao, J, et.al. Association between breastfeeding and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies., Eur J Cancer Prev, 2018. 27 (2)(2): p. 144-151., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26258808/

83. McCullough, M. L., Bandera, E. V., Moore, D. F., Kushi, L. H., Vitamin D and calcium intake in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: a systematic review of the literature, Prev Med, 2007. 46: p. 298-302., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18155758

84. Neill, A. S., Nagle, C. M., Protani, M. M., Obermair, A., Spurdle, A. B., Webb, P. M., Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracetamol and risk of endometrial cancer: a case-control study, systematic review and meta-analysis, Int J Cancer, 2012. 132: p. 1146-55., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22777678

85. Zhou, B., Yang, L., Sun, Q., Cong, R., Gu, H., Tang, N., et.al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis, Am J Med, 2008. 121: p. 501-508.e3., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18501231

86. Viswanathan, A. N., Hankinson, S. E., Schernhammer, E. S., Night shift work and the risk of endometrial cancer, Cancer Res, 2007. 67: p. 10618-22., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975006

87. Raglan, Olivia, Kalliala, Ilkka, Markozannes, Georgios, Cividini, Sofia, Gunter, Marc J., Nautiyal, Jaya, et.al. Risk factors for endometrial cancer: An umbrella review of the literature, International journal of cancer, 2019. 145(7): p. 1719-1730., http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/30387875, https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31961

88. Kohler, LN, Garcia, DO, Harris, RB, Oren, E, Roe, DJ, Jacobs, ET, Adherence to Diet and Physical Activity Cancer Prevention Guidelines and Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review., Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2016. 25 (7)(7): p. 1018-28., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27340121/

89. Zhang, X, Rhoades, J, Caan, BJ, Cohn, DE, Salani, R, Noria, S, et.al. Intentional weight loss, weight cycling, and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis., Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2019. 29 (9)(9): p. 1361-1371., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31451560/

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