Leitlinienprogramm OnkologieEndometrial Cancer

19. Literaturverzeichnis – Endometrial Cancer

Version 2.0 · September 2022 · AWMF 032/034-OL
Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie · Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft · Deutsche Krebshilfe · AWMF

1. ICD-10-GM 2018 Systematisches Verzeichnis : Internationale statistische Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme, 2017.

2. Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF), AWMF-Regelwerk „Leitlinien“, 2017.

3. Atkins, D., Best, D., Briss, P. A., Eccles, M., Falck-Ytter, Y., Flottorp, S., et.al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations, BMJ, 2004. 328: p. 1490., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15205295

4. Robert, Koch-Institut, Gesellschaft der epidemiologischen Krebsregister in Deutschland e, V., Krebs in Deutschland 2015/2016, 2019.

5. Grady, D., Gebretsadik, T., Kerlikowske, K., Ernster, V., Petitti, D., Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis (Structured abstract), Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995. 85: p. 304-313., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824251

6. Nelson, H. D., Humphrey, L. L., Nygren, P., Teutsch, S. M., Allan, J. D., Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review, JAMA, 2002. 288: p. 872-81., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12186605

7. Allen, N. E., Tsilidis, K. K., Key, T. J., Dossus, L., Kaaks, R., Lund, E., et.al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial carcinoma among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, Am J Epidemiol, 2010. 172: p. 1394-403., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961969

8. Lacey, J. V., Jr., Brinton, L. A., Lubin, J. H., Sherman, M. E., Schatzkin, A., Schairer, C., Endometrial carcinoma risks among menopausal estrogen plus progestin and unopposed estrogen users in a cohort of postmenopausal women, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2005. 14: p. 1724-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16030108

9. Razavi, P., Pike, M. C., Horn-Ross, P. L., Templeman, C., Bernstein, L., Ursin, G., Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010. 19: p. 475-83., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20086105

10. Beral, V., Bull, D., Reeves, G., Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study, Lancet, 2005. 365: p. 1543-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15866308

11. Tempfer, CB, Hilal, Z, Kern, P, Juhasz-Boess, I, Rezniczek, GA, Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (8)(8):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32781573/

12. Marjoribanks, J., Farquhar, C., Roberts, H., Lethaby, A., Lee, J., Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017. 1(1): p. Cd004143.

13. Beral, V., Bull, D., Reeves, G., Endometrial cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study, Lancet, 2005. 365: p. 1543-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15866308

14. Lacey, J. V., Jr., Brinton, L. A., Lubin, J. H., Sherman, M. E., Schatzkin, A., Schairer, C., Endometrial carcinoma risks among menopausal estrogen plus progestin and unopposed estrogen users in a cohort of postmenopausal women, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2005. 14: p. 1724-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16030108

15. Nelson, H. D., Humphrey, L. L., Nygren, P., Teutsch, S. M., Allan, J. D., Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy: scientific review, JAMA, 2002. 288: p. 872-81., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12186605

16. Grady, D., Gebretsadik, T., Kerlikowske, K., Ernster, V., Petitti, D., Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis (Structured abstract), Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1995. 85: p. 304-313., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7824251

17. Allen, N. E., Tsilidis, K. K., Key, T. J., Dossus, L., Kaaks, R., Lund, E., et.al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of endometrial carcinoma among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition, Am J Epidemiol, 2010. 172: p. 1394-403., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20961969

18. Chlebowski, R. T., Anderson, G. L., Sarto, G. E., Haque, R., Runowicz, C. D., Aragaki, A. K., et.al. Continuous Combined Estrogen Plus Progestin and Endometrial Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2015. 108:, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26668177

19. Fournier, A., Dossus, L., Mesrine, S., Vilier, A., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Clavel-Chapelon, F., et.al. Risks of endometrial cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies in the E3N cohort, 1992-2008, Am J Epidemiol, 2014. 180: p. 508-17., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008104

20. Mørch, LS, Kjaer, SK, Keiding, N, Løkkegaard, E, Lidegaard, Ø, The influence of hormone therapies on type I and II endometrial cancer: A nationwide cohort study., Int J Cancer, 2016. 138 (6)(6): p. 1506-15., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26421912/

21. Doherty, J. A., Cushing-Haugen, K. L., Saltzman, B. S., Voigt, L. F., Hill, D. A., Beresford, S. A., et.al. Long-term use of postmenopausal estrogen and progestin hormone therapies and the risk of endometrial cancer, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 197: p. 139 e1-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17689625

22. Sjögren, L. L., Mørch, L. S., Løkkegaard, E., Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of endometrial cancer: A systematic review, Maturitas, 2016. 91: p. 25-35.

23. Chlebowski, R. T., Anderson, G. L., Sarto, G. E., Haque, R., Runowicz, C. D., Aragaki, A. K., et.al. Continuous Combined Estrogen Plus Progestin and Endometrial Cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial, J Natl Cancer Inst, 2015. 108:, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26668177

24. Phipps, A. I., Doherty, J. A., Voigt, L. F., Hill, D. A., Beresford, S. A., Rossing, M. A., et.al. Long-term use of continuous-combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy and risk of endometrial cancer, Cancer Causes Control, 2011. 22: p. 1639-46., https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10552-011-9840-6

25. Razavi, P., Pike, M. C., Horn-Ross, P. L., Templeman, C., Bernstein, L., Ursin, G., Long-term postmenopausal hormone therapy and endometrial cancer, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010. 19: p. 475-83., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20086105

26. Fournier, A., Dossus, L., Mesrine, S., Vilier, A., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Clavel-Chapelon, F., et.al. Risks of endometrial cancer associated with different hormone replacement therapies in the E3N cohort, 1992-2008, Am J Epidemiol, 2014. 180: p. 508-17., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008104

27. T, h, e, , W, r, et.al. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial, JAMA, 1996. 275: p. 370-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8569016

28. Crosbie, E. J., Zwahlen, M., Kitchener, H. C., Egger, M., Renehan, A. G., Body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010. 19: p. 3119-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030602

29. Nelson, H. D., Smith, M. E., Griffin, J. C., Fu, R., Use of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Ann Intern Med, 2013. 158: p. 604-14., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23588749

30. Al-Mubarak, M., Tibau, A., Templeton, A. J., Cescon, D. W., Ocana, A., Seruga, B., et.al. Extended adjuvant tamoxifen for early breast cancer: a meta-analysis, PLoS One, 2014. 9: p. e88238., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586311

31. Braithwaite, R. S., Chlebowski, R. T., Lau, J., George, S., Hess, R., Col, N. F., Meta-analysis of vascular and neoplastic events associated with tamoxifen, J Gen Intern Med, 2003. 18: p. 937-47., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687281

32. DeMichele, A., Troxel, A. B., Berlin, J. A., Weber, A. L., Bunin, G. R., Turzo, E., et.al. Impact of raloxifene or tamoxifen use on endometrial cancer risk: a population-based case-control study, J Clin Oncol, 2008. 26: p. 4151-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757329

33. Emons, G, Mustea, A, Tempfer, C, Tamoxifen and Endometrial Cancer: A Janus-Headed Drug., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (9)(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32906618/

34. Braithwaite, R. S., Chlebowski, R. T., Lau, J., George, S., Hess, R., Col, N. F., Meta-analysis of vascular and neoplastic events associated with tamoxifen, J Gen Intern Med, 2003. 18: p. 937-47., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14687281

35. Nelson, H. D., Smith, M. E., Griffin, J. C., Fu, R., Use of medications to reduce risk for primary breast cancer: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, Ann Intern Med, 2013. 158: p. 604-14., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23588749

36. C, l, a, r, k, e, et.al. WITHDRAWN: Tamoxifen for early breast cancer, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2008. p. Cd000486., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18843611

37. Al-Mubarak, M., Tibau, A., Templeton, A. J., Cescon, D. W., Ocana, A., Seruga, B., et.al. Extended adjuvant tamoxifen for early breast cancer: a meta-analysis, PLoS One, 2014. 9: p. e88238., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24586311

38. Emons, G., Mustea, A., Tempfer, C., Tamoxifen and Endometrial Cancer: A Janus-Headed Drug, Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32906618/

39. DeMichele, A., Troxel, A. B., Berlin, J. A., Weber, A. L., Bunin, G. R., Turzo, E., et.al. Impact of raloxifene or tamoxifen use on endometrial cancer risk: a population-based case-control study, J Clin Oncol, 2008. 26: p. 4151-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757329

40. C, o, l, l, a, b, et.al. Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27 276 women with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies, Lancet Oncol, 2015. 16: p. 1061-1070., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26254030

41. Gierisch, J. M., Coeytaux, R. R., Urrutia, R. P., Havrilesky, L. J., Moorman, P. G., Lowery, W. J., et.al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2013. 22: p. 1931-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014598

42. Ignatov, A, Ortmann, O, Endocrine Risk Factors of Endometrial Cancer: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Oral Contraceptives, Infertility, Tamoxifen., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (7)(7):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32630728/

43. S, c, h, l, e, s, et.al. Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of combined oral contraceptives. A practitioner's guide to meta-analysis, Hum Reprod, 1997. 12: p. 1851-63., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9363696

44. Gorenoi, V., Schonermark, M. P., Hagen, A., Benefits and risks of hormonal contraception for women, GMS Health Technol Assess, 2007. 3: p. Doc06., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21289940

45. Gierisch, J. M., Coeytaux, R. R., Urrutia, R. P., Havrilesky, L. J., Moorman, P. G., Lowery, W. J., et.al. Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast, cervical, colorectal, and endometrial cancers: a systematic review, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2013. 22: p. 1931-43., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24014598

46. Dossus, L., Allen, N., Kaaks, R., Bakken, K., Lund, E., Tjonneland, A., et.al. Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Int J Cancer, 2009. 127: p. 442-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924816

47. C, o, l, l, a, b, et.al. Endometrial cancer and oral contraceptives: an individual participant meta-analysis of 27 276 women with endometrial cancer from 36 epidemiological studies, Lancet Oncol, 2015. 16: p. 1061-1070., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26254030

48. Parazzini, F., Pelucchi, C., Talamini, R., Montella, M., La Vecchia, C., Use of fertility drugs and risk of endometrial cancer in an Italian case-control study, Eur J Cancer Prev, 2010. 19: p. 428-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634699

49. Siristatidis, C., Sergentanis, T. N., Kanavidis, P., Trivella, M., Sotiraki, M., Mavromatis, I., et.al. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF: impact on ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer--a systematic review and meta-analysis, Human Reproduction Update, 2013. 19: p. 105-123., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255514

50. Skalkidou, A., Sergentanis, T. N., Gialamas, S. P., Georgakis, M. K., Psaltopoulou, T., Trivella, M., et.al. Risk of endometrial cancer in women treated with ovary-stimulating drugs for subfertility, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2017. 3(3): p. Cd010931.

51. Parazzini, F., Pelucchi, C., Talamini, R., Montella, M., La Vecchia, C., Use of fertility drugs and risk of endometrial cancer in an Italian case-control study, Eur J Cancer Prev, 2010. 19: p. 428-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20634699

52. Siristatidis, C., Sergentanis, T. N., Kanavidis, P., Trivella, M., Sotiraki, M., Mavromatis, I., et.al. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF: impact on ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer--a systematic review and meta-analysis, Human Reproduction Update, 2013. 19: p. 105-123., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23255514

53. Ettinger, B., Kenemans, P., Johnson, S. R., Mol-Arts, M., Van Os, S., Seifert, W., et.al. Endometrial effects of tibolone in elderly, osteoporotic women, Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 112: p. 653-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757665

54. Ettinger, B., Kenemans, P., Johnson, S. R., Mol-Arts, M., Van Os, S., Seifert, W., et.al. Endometrial effects of tibolone in elderly, osteoporotic women, Obstet Gynecol, 2008. 112: p. 653-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18757665

55. Formoso, G., Perrone, E., Maltoni, S., Balduzzi, S., D'Amico, R., Bassi, C., et.al. Short and long term effects of tibolone in postmenopausal women, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2012. 2: p. Cd008536.

56. Dossus, L., Allen, N., Kaaks, R., Bakken, K., Lund, E., Tjonneland, A., et.al. Reproductive risk factors and endometrial cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Int J Cancer, 2009. 127: p. 442-51., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19924816

57. Karageorgi, S., Hankinson, S. E., Kraft, P., De Vivo, I., Reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use in relation to endometrial cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study cohort 1976-2004, Int J Cancer, 2009. 126: p. 208-16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19551854

58. Setiawan, V. W., Pike, M. C., Karageorgi, S., Deming, S. L., Anderson, K., Bernstein, L., et.al. Age at last birth in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: pooled analysis in the epidemiology of endometrial cancer consortium, Am J Epidemiol, 2012. 176: p. 269-78., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22831825

59. Friberg, E., Orsini, N., Mantzoros, C. S., Wolk, A., Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 2007. 50: p. 1365-74., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476474

60. Haoula, Z., Salman, M., Atiomo, W., Evaluating the association between endometrial cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome, Hum Reprod, 2012. 27: p. 1327-31., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22367984

61. Choi, Y., Giovannucci, E., Lee, J. E., Glycaemic index and glycaemic load in relation to risk of diabetes-related cancers: a meta-analysis, Br J Nutr, 2012. 108: p. 1934-47., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167978

62. Gnagnarella, P., Gandini, S., La Vecchia, C., Maisonneuve, P., Glycemic index, glycemic load, and cancer risk: a meta-analysis, Am J Clin Nutr, 2008. 87: p. 1793-801., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18541570

63. Liao, C., Zhang, D., Mungo, C., Andrew Tompkins, D., Zeidan, A. M., Is diabetes mellitus associated with increased incidence and disease-specific mortality in endometrial cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, Gynecol Oncol, 2014. 135: p. 163-171., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404750/

64. Barone, B. B., Yeh, H. C., Snyder, C. F., Peairs, K. S., Stein, K. B., Derr, R. L., et.al. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Jama, 2008. 300: p. 2754-64., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088353

65. Chittenden, B. G., Fullerton, G., Maheshwari, A., Bhattacharya, S., Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: a systematic review, Reprod Biomed Online, 2009. 19: p. 398-405., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19778486

66. Huang, Y., Cai, X., Qiu, M., Chen, P., Tang, H., Hu, Y., et.al. Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 2014. 57: p. 2261-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208757

67. Barry, J. A., Azizia, M. M., Hardiman, P. J., Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Hum Reprod Update, 2014. 20: p. 748-58., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24688118

68. Fearnley, E. J., Marquart, L., Spurdle, A. B., Weinstein, P., Webb, P. M., Polycystic ovary syndrome increases the risk of endometrial cancer in women aged less than 50 years: an Australian case-control study, Cancer Causes Control, 2010. 21: p. 2303-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20953904

69. Gottschau, M., Kjaer, S. K., Jensen, A., Munk, C., Mellemkjaer, L., Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study, Gynecol Oncol, 2014. 136: p. 99-103., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25451694

70. Luo, J., Beresford, S., Chen, C., Chlebowski, R., Garcia, L., Kuller, L., et.al. Association between diabetes, diabetes treatment and risk of developing endometrial cancer, Br J Cancer, 2014. 111: p. 1432-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183842/

71. Mulholland, H. G., Murray, L. J., Cardwell, C. R., Cantwell, M. M., Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and endometrial and ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Br J Cancer, 2008. 99: p. 434-41., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2527795/

72. Nagle, C. M., Olsen, C. M., Ibiebele, T. I., Spurdle, A. B., Webb, P. M., Glycemic index, glycemic load and endometrial cancer risk: results from the Australian National Endometrial Cancer study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur J Nutr, 2012. 52: p. 705-15., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22648201

73. Zhang, Z. H., Su, P. Y., Hao, J. H., Sun, Y. H., The role of preexisting diabetes mellitus on incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2013. 23: p. 294-303., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287960

74. Dobbins, M., Decorby, K., Choi, B. C., The Association between Obesity and Cancer Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies from 1985 to 2011, ISRN Prev Med, 2013. 2013: p. 680536., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24977095

75. Crosbie, E. J., Zwahlen, M., Kitchener, H. C., Egger, M., Renehan, A. G., Body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and endometrial cancer risk: a meta-analysis, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010. 19: p. 3119-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030602

76. Bergstrom, A., Pisani, P., Tenet, V., Wolk, A., Adami, H. O., Overweight as an avoidable cause of cancer in Europe, Int J Cancer, 2001. 91: p. 421-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11169969

77. Reeves, K. W., Carter, G. C., Rodabough, R. J., Lane, D., McNeeley, S. G., Stefanick, M. L., et.al. Obesity in relation to endometrial cancer risk and disease characteristics in the Women's Health Initiative, Gynecol Oncol, 2011. 121: p. 376-82., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21324514

78. Renehan, A. G., Tyson, M., Egger, M., Heller, R. F., Zwahlen, M., Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies, Lancet, 2008. 371: p. 569-78., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18280327

79. Ward, K. K., Roncancio, A. M., Shah, N. R., Davis, M. A., Saenz, C. C., McHale, M. T., et.al. The risk of uterine malignancy is linearly associated with body mass index in a cohort of US women, Am J Obstet Gynecol, 2013. 209: p. 579 e1-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23938608

80. Dörk, T, Hillemanns, P, Tempfer, C, Breu, J, Fleisch, MC, Genetic Susceptibility to Endometrial Cancer: Risk Factors and Clinical Management., Cancers (Basel), 2020. 12 (9)(9):, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32854222/

81. Ma, X, Zhao, LG, Sun, JW, Yang, Y, Zheng, JL, Gao, J, et.al. Association between breastfeeding and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies., Eur J Cancer Prev, 2018. 27 (2)(2): p. 144-151., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26258808/

82. Setiawan, V. W., Pike, M. C., Karageorgi, S., Deming, S. L., Anderson, K., Bernstein, L., et.al. Age at last birth in relation to risk of endometrial cancer: pooled analysis in the epidemiology of endometrial cancer consortium, Am J Epidemiol, 2012. 176: p. 269-78., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22831825

83. Karageorgi, S., Hankinson, S. E., Kraft, P., De Vivo, I., Reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use in relation to endometrial cancer risk in the Nurses' Health Study cohort 1976-2004, Int J Cancer, 2009. 126: p. 208-16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19551854

84. Friberg, E., Orsini, N., Mantzoros, C. S., Wolk, A., Diabetes mellitus and risk of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 2007. 50: p. 1365-74., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476474

85. Barone, B. B., Yeh, H. C., Snyder, C. F., Peairs, K. S., Stein, K. B., Derr, R. L., et.al. Long-term all-cause mortality in cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Jama, 2008. 300: p. 2754-64., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19088353

86. Huang, Y., Cai, X., Qiu, M., Chen, P., Tang, H., Hu, Y., et.al. Prediabetes and the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis, Diabetologia, 2014. 57: p. 2261-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25208757

87. Zhang, Z. H., Su, P. Y., Hao, J. H., Sun, Y. H., The role of preexisting diabetes mellitus on incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies, Int J Gynecol Cancer, 2013. 23: p. 294-303., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23287960

88. Liao, C., Zhang, D., Mungo, C., Andrew Tompkins, D., Zeidan, A. M., Is diabetes mellitus associated with increased incidence and disease-specific mortality in endometrial cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, Gynecol Oncol, 2014. 135: p. 163-171., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4404750/

89. Luo, J., Beresford, S., Chen, C., Chlebowski, R., Garcia, L., Kuller, L., et.al. Association between diabetes, diabetes treatment and risk of developing endometrial cancer, Br J Cancer, 2014. 111: p. 1432-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4183842/

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