16. Literaturverzeichnis – Actinic keratosis and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

1. Leitlinienprogramm Onkologie (Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft, Deutsche Krebshilfe, AWMF), S3-Leitlinie Prävention von Hautkrebs, Langversion 2.1, 2021. AWMF Registernummer: 032/052OL:

2. Schafer, I., Reusch, M., Siebert, J., Spehr, C., Augustin, M., Health care characteristics of basal cell carcinoma in Germany: the role of insurance status and socio-demographic factors, J.Dtsch.Dermatol.Ges., 2014. 12(9): p. 803-811., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25176460

3. Flohil, S. C., van der Leest, R. J., Dowlatshahi, E. A., Hofman, A., de Vries, E., Nijsten, T., Prevalence of actinic keratosis and its risk factors in the general population: the Rotterdam Study, J Invest Dermatol, 2013. 133(8): p. 1971-8., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23510990/

4. Green, A. C., Epidemiology of actinic keratoses, Curr Probl Dermatol, 2015. 46: p. 1-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561199

5. Memon, A. A., Tomenson, J. A., Bothwell, J., Friedmann, P. S., Prevalence of solar damage and actinic keratosis in a Merseyside population, Br J Dermatol, 2000. 142(6): p. 1154-9., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10848739

6. Schmitt, J., Seidler, A., Diepgen, T. L., Bauer, A., Occupational ultraviolet light exposure increases the risk for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Br.J.Dermatol., 2011. 164(2): p. 291-307., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21054335

7. Leiter, U., Keim, U., Eigentler, T., Katalinic, A., Holleczek, B., Martus, P., et.al. Incidence, Mortality, and Trends of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer in Germany, J Invest Dermatol, 2017., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28487088

8. Katalinic, A., Kunze, U., Schafer, T., Epidemiology of cutaneous melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany: incidence, clinical subtypes, tumour stages and localization (epidemiology of skin cancer), Br.J.Dermatol., 2003. 149(6): p. 1200-1206., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14674897

9. Leiter, U., Garbe, C., Epidemiology of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer--the role of sunlight, Adv.Exp.Med.Biol, 2008. 624: p. 89-103., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18348450/

10. Rudolph, C., Schnoor, M., Eisemann, N., Katalinic, A., Incidence trends of nonmelanoma skin cancer in Germany from 1998 to 2010, J.Dtsch.Dermatol.Ges., 2015. 13(8): p. 788-797., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26213814/

11. Eisemann, N., Jansen, L., Castro, F. A., Chen, T., Eberle, A., Nennecke, A., et.al. Survival from non-melanoma skin cancer in Germany, Br.J.Dermatol., 2015., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26676514/

12. Waldmann, A., Nolte, S., Weinstock, M. A., Breitbart, E. W., Eisemann, N., Geller, A. C., et.al. Skin cancer screening participation and impact on melanoma incidence in Germany--an observational study on incidence trends in regions with and without population-based screening, Br.J.Cancer, 2012. 106(5): p. 970-974., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22294187/

13. Augustin, M., Stadler, R., Reusch, M., Schafer, I., Kornek, T., Luger, T., Skin cancer screening in Germany - perception by the public, J Dtsch Dermatol Ges, 2012. 10(1): p. 42-9., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21923730/

14. Stang, A., Jockel, K. H., Declining mortality rates for nonmelanoma skin cancers in West Germany, 1968-99, Br.J.Dermatol., 2004. 150(3): p. 517-522., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15030336/

15. Keim, U., van der Pols, J. C., Williams, G. M., Green, A. C., Exclusive development of a single type of keratinocyte skin cancer: evidence from an Australian population-based cohort study, J Invest Dermatol, 2015. 135(3): p. 728-33., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233075

16. Hollestein, L. M., de Vries, E., Nijsten, T., Trends of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands: Increased incidence rates, but stable relative survival and mortality 1989-2008, Eur.J.Cancer, 2012. 48(13): p. 2046-2053., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22342554/

17. Xiang, F., Lucas, R., Hales, S., Neale, R., Incidence of nonmelanoma skin cancer in relation to ambient UV radiation in white populations, 1978-2012: empirical relationships, JAMA Dermatol., 2014. 150(10): p. 1063-1071., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25103031/

18. Raasch, B. A., Buettner, P. G., Multiple nonmelanoma skin cancer in an exposed Australian population, Int.J.Dermatol., 2002. 41(10): p. 652-658., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12390187/

19. Karia, P. S., Han, J., Schmults, C. D., Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: estimated incidence of disease, nodal metastasis, and deaths from disease in the United States, 2012, J.Am.Acad.Dermatol., 2013. 68(6): p. 957-966., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23375456/

20. Brantsch, K. D., Meisner, C., Schonfisch, B., Trilling, B., Wehner-Caroli, J., Rocken, M., et.al. Analysis of risk factors determining prognosis of cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma: a prospective study, Lancet Oncol, 2008. 9(8): p. 713-20., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18617440/

21. Eigentler, TK, Leiter, U, Häfner, HM, Garbe, C, Röcken, M, Breuninger, H, Survival of Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Results of a Prospective Cohort Study., J Invest Dermatol, 2017. 137 (11)(11): p. 2309-2315., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28736229/

22. Lewis, K. G., Weinstock, M. A., Trends in nonmelanoma skin cancer mortality rates in the United States, 1969 through 2000, J.Invest Dermatol., 2007. 127(10): p. 2323-2327., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17522705/

23. Strunk, T., Szeimies, R. M., [Actinic keratoses. Pathogenesis, clinical aspect and modern therapeutic options], Hautarzt, 2014. 65(3): p. 241-52; quiz 253-4.

24. Marinescu, A., Stepan, A. E., Margaritescu, C., Marinescu, A. M., Zavoi, R. E., Simionescu, C. E., et.al. P53, p16 and Ki67 immunoexpression in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions, Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2016. 57(2 Suppl): p. 691-696., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27833960

25. El Ghissassi, F, Baan, R, Straif, K, Grosse, Y, Secretan, B, Bouvard, V, et.al. A review of human carcinogens--part D: radiation., Lancet Oncol, 2009. 10 (8)(8): p. 751-2., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19655431/

26. Berg, D., Otley, C. C., Skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2002. 47(1): p. 1-17; quiz 18-20., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12077575

27. Euvrard, S., Kanitakis, J., Claudy, A., Skin cancers after organ transplantation, N Engl J Med, 2003. 348(17): p. 1681-91., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12711744

28. Zwald, F. O., Brown, M., Skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: advances in therapy and management: part I. Epidemiology of skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2011. 65(2): p. 253-61; quiz 262., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21763561

29. Ulrich, C., Schmook, T., Nindl, I., Meyer, T., Sterry, W., Stockfleth, E., Cutaneous precancers in organ transplant recipients: an old enemy in a new surrounding, Br.J.Dermatol., 2003. 149 Suppl 66: p. 40-42., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14616348

30. Harwood, CA, Mesher, D, McGregor, JM, Mitchell, L, Leedham-Green, M, Raftery, M, et.al. A surveillance model for skin cancer in organ transplant recipients: a 22-year prospective study in an ethnically diverse population., Am J Transplant, 2013. 13 (1)(1): p. 119-29., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23072567/

31. Marcil, I., Stern, R. S., Risk of developing a subsequent nonmelanoma skin cancer in patients with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a critical review of the literature and meta-analysis, Arch Dermatol, 2000. 136(12): p. 1524-30., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11115165

32. Lott, D. G., Manz, R., Koch, C., Lorenz, R. R., Aggressive behavior of nonmelanotic skin cancers in solid organ transplant recipients, Transplantation, 2010. 90(6): p. 683-7., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20808266

33. Thompson, A. K., Kelley, B. F., Prokop, L. J., Murad, M. H., Baum, C. L., Risk Factors for Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence, Metastasis, and Disease-Specific Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, JAMA Dermatol, 2016. 152(4): p. 419-28., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26762219

34. Werner, R. N., Sammain, A., Erdmann, R., Hartmann, V., Stockfleth, E., Nast, A., The natural history of actinic keratosis: a systematic review, Br J Dermatol, 2013. 169(3): p. 502-18., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23647091

35. Madani, S, Marwaha, S, Dusendang, JR, Alexeeff, S, Pham, N, Chen, EH, et.al. Ten-Year Follow-up of Persons With Sun-Damaged Skin Associated With Subsequent Development of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma., JAMA Dermatol, 2021. 157 (5)(5): p. 559-565., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33760003/

36. Schmitz, L, Brehmer, A, Falkenberg, C, Gambichler, T, Heppt, MV, Steeb, T, et.al. Treatment-resistant actinic keratoses are characterized by distinct clinical and histological features., Ital J Dermatol Venerol, 2021. 156 (2)(2): p. 213-219., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33960752/

37. Schmitz, L, Kahl, P, Majores, M, Bierhoff, E, Stockfleth, E, Dirschka, T, Actinic keratosis: correlation between clinical and histological classification systems., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2016. 30 (8)(8): p. 1303-7., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26955898/

38. Fernandez-Figueras, M. T., Carrato, C., Saenz, X., Puig, L., Musulen, E., Ferrandiz, C., et.al. Actinic keratosis with atypical basal cells (AK I) is the most common lesion associated with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2015. 29(5): p. 991-7., http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jdv.12848/abstract

39. Ianhez, M, Fleury Junior, LF, Bagatin, E, Miot, HA, The reliability of counting actinic keratosis., Arch Dermatol Res, 2013. 305 (9)(9): p. 841-4., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24045957/

40. Jiyad, Z, O'Rourke, P, Soyer, HP, Green, AC, Assessing the Concordance of Actinic Keratosis Counts on Digital Photographs with Clinical Examination in Organ Transplant Recipients., Acta Derm Venereol, 2017. 97 (3)(3): p. 351-353., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27701669/

41. Sinnya, S, O'Rourke, P, Ballard, E, Tan, JM, Morze, C, Sahebian, A, et.al. Counting actinic keratosis - is photographic assessment a reliable alternative to physical examination in clinical trials?, Acta Derm Venereol, 2015. 95 (5)(5): p. 604-5., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25572587/

42. Ratushny, V., Gober, M. D., Hick, R., Ridky, T. W., Seykora, J. T., From keratinocyte to cancer: the pathogenesis and modeling of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, The Journal of clinical investigation, 2012. 122(2): p. 464-72., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293185

43. Stockfleth, E., Ferrandiz, C., Grob, J. J., Leigh, I., Pehamberger, H., Kerl, H., Development of a treatment algorithm for actinic keratoses: a European Consensus, European journal of dermatology : EJD, 2008. 18(6): p. 651-9., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18955209

44. Criscione, V. D., Weinstock, M. A., Naylor, M. F., Luque, C., Eide, M. J., Bingham, S. F., Actinic keratoses: Natural history and risk of malignant transformation in the Veterans Affairs Topical Tretinoin Chemoprevention Trial, Cancer, 2009. 115(11): p. 2523-30., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19382202

45. Fuchs, A., Marmur, E., The kinetics of skin cancer: progression of actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma, Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.], 2007. 33(9): p. 1099-101., http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1524-4725.2007.33224.x/abstract

46. Heerfordt, I. M., Nissen, C. V., Poulsen, T., Philipsen, P. A., Wulf, H. C., Thickness of Actinic Keratosis Does Not Predict Dysplasia Severity or P53 Expression, Scientific reports, 2016. 6: p. 33952., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5037398/pdf/srep33952.pdf

47. Jiyad, Z., O'Rourke, P., Soyer, H. P., Green, A. C., Actinic keratosis-related signs predictive of squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients: a nested case-control study, The British journal of dermatology, 2017. 176(4): p. 965-970., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27584866

48. Pandey, S., Mercer, S. E., Dallas, K., Emanuel, P. O., Goldenberg, G., Evaluation of the prognostic significance of follicular extension in actinic keratoses, The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 2012. 5(4): p. 25-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3366442/pdf/jcad_5_4_25.pdf

49. Vilcea, A. M., Vilcea, I. D., Georgescu, C. V., Patrascu, V., The value of the histopathologic examination in the diagnosis and management of the actinic keratosis, Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2012. 53(4): p. 927-34., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23303015

50. Wallingford, S. C., Russell, S. A., Vail, A., Proby, C. M., Lear, J. T., Green, A. C., Actinic keratoses, actinic field change and associations with squamous cell carcinoma in renal transplant recipients in Manchester, UK, Acta dermato-venereologica, 2015. 95(7): p. 830-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25784002

51. Smit, P., Plomp, E., Neumann, H. A., Thio, H. B., The influence of the location of the lesion on the absolute risk of the development of skin cancer in a patient with actinic keratosis, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV, 2013. 27(6): p. 667-71., http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jdv.12008/abstract

52. Dirschka, T, Pellacani, G, Micali, G, Malvehy, J, Stratigos, AJ, Casari, A, et.al. A proposed scoring system for assessing the severity of actinic keratosis on the head: actinic keratosis area and severity index., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2017. 31 (8)(8): p. 1295-1302., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28401585/

53. Dreno, B., Cerio, R., Dirschka, T., Nart, I. F., Lear, J. T., Peris, K., et.al. A Novel Actinic Keratosis Field Assessment Scale for Grading Actinic Keratosis Disease Severity, Acta dermato-venereologica, 2017. 97(9): p. 1108-1113., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536731

54. Brinkman, J. N., Hajder, E., van der Holt, B., Den Bakker, M. A., Hovius, S. E., Mureau, M. A., The Effect of Differentiation Grade of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma on Excision Margins, Local Recurrence, Metastasis, and Patient Survival: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study, Ann Plast Surg, 2015. 75(3): p. 323-6., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401812/

55. Campoli, M., Brodland, D. G., Zitelli, J., A prospective evaluation of the clinical, histologic, and therapeutic variables associated with incidental perineural invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2014. 70(4): p. 630-6., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24433872

56. Haisma, M. S., Plaat, B. E., Bijl, H. P., Roodenburg, J. L., Diercks, G. F., Romeijn, T. R., et.al. Multivariate analysis of potential risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2016. 75(4): p. 722-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473455

57. Cherpelis, B. S., Marcusen, C., Lang, P. G., Prognostic factors for metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, Dermatol Surg, 2002. 28(3): p. 268-73., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896781

58. Ch'ng, S., Maitra, A., Allison, R. S., Chaplin, J. M., Gregor, R. T., Lea, R., et.al. Parotid and cervical nodal status predict prognosis for patients with head and neck metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, J Surg Oncol, 2008. 98(2): p. 101-5., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18523982

59. Ch'ng, S., Clark, J. R., Brunner, M., Palme, C. E., Morgan, G. J., Veness, M. J., Relevance of the primary lesion in the prognosis of metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Head Neck, 2013. 35(2): p. 190-4., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422542

60. Oddone, N., Morgan, G. J., Palme, C. E., Perera, L., Shannon, J., Wong, E., et.al. Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: the Immunosuppression, Treatment, Extranodal spread, and Margin status (ITEM) prognostic score to predict outcome and the need to improve survival, Cancer, 2009. 115(9): p. 1883-91., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19224549

61. Petter, G., Haustein, U. F., [Histological and clinical prognostic factors in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. A contribution to the multicenter carcinoma study of the association of surgical and oncological dermatology], Hautarzt, 1999. 50(6): p. 412-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10427509

62. Roozeboom, M. H., Lohman, B. G., Westers-Attema, A., Nelemans, P. J., Botterweck, A. A., van Marion, A. M., et.al. Clinical and histological prognostic factors for local recurrence and metastasis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of a defined population, Acta Derm Venereol, 2013. 93(4): p. 417-21., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23138613

63. Schmults, C. D., Karia, P. S., Carter, J. B., Han, J., Qureshi, A. A., Factors predictive of recurrence and death from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a 10-year, single-institution cohort study, JAMA Dermatol, 2013. 149(5): p. 541-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23677079

64. Wermker, K., Kluwig, J., Schipmann, S., Klein, M., Schulze, H. J., Hallermann, C., Prediction score for lymph node metastasis from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear, Eur J Surg Oncol, 2015. 41(1): p. 128-35., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182221

65. Manyam, B. V., Garsa, A. A., Chin, R. I., Reddy, C. A., Gastman, B., Thorstad, W., et.al. A multi-institutional comparison of outcomes of immunosuppressed and immunocompetent patients treated with surgery and radiation therapy for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, Cancer, 2017. 123(11): p. 2054-2060., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28171708/

66. Manyam, B. V., Gastman, B., Zhang, A. Y., Reddy, C. A., Burkey, B. B., Scharpf, J., et.al. Inferior outcomes in immunosuppressed patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck treated with surgery and radiation therapy, J Am Acad Dermatol, 2015. 73(2): p. 221-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26028524

67. Schmitz, L, Gupta, G, Stücker, M, Doerler, M, Gambichler, T, Welzel, J, et.al. Evaluation of two histological classifications for actinic keratoses - PRO classification scored highest inter-rater reliability., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2019. 33 (6)(6): p. 1092-1097., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30887613/

68. Schmitz, L, Gambichler, T, Gupta, G, Stücker, M, Stockfleth, E, Szeimies, RM, et.al. Actinic keratoses show variable histological basal growth patterns - a proposed classification adjustment., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018. 32 (5)(5): p. 745-751., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28796914/

69. Schmitz, L, Gambichler, T, Kost, C, Gupta, G, Stücker, M, Stockfleth, E, et.al. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas are associated with basal proliferating actinic keratoses., Br J Dermatol, 2019. 180 (4)(4): p. 916-921., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29526028/

70. Lee, DY, Kim, BR, Yang, S, Kim, M, Yoon, TY, Youn, SW, Histopathological predictor of the progression from actinic keratosis to squamous cell carcinoma: quantitative computer-aided image analysis., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2021. 35 (1)(1): p. 116-122., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32455470/

71. Conforti, C, Giuffrida, R, Pizzichetta, MA, Di Meo, N, Magaton-Rizzi, G, Zalaudek, I, Integrating the concept of field cancerization in the classification and risk assessment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: proposal for a new classification and terminology of keratinocyte skin cancer., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2019. 33 (9)(9): p. e327-e330., https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30980765/

72. Slaughter, D. P., Southwick, H. W., Smejkal, W., Field cancerization in oral stratified squamous epithelium; clinical implications of multicentric origin, Cancer, 1953. 6(5): p. 963-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/13094644

73. Braakhuis, B. J., Tabor, M. P., Kummer, J. A., Leemans, C. R., Brakenhoff, R. H., A genetic explanation of Slaughter's concept of field cancerization: evidence and clinical implications, Cancer Res, 2003. 63(8): p. 1727-30., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702551

74. Malvehy, J., A new vision of actinic keratosis beyond visible clinical lesions, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2015. 29 Suppl 1: p. 3-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25470718

75. Dirschka, T., Gupta, G., Micali, G., Stockfleth, E., Basset-Seguin, N., Del Marmol, V., et.al. Real-world approach to actinic keratosis management: practical treatment algorithm for office-based dermatology, J Dermatolog Treat, 2017. 28(5): p. 431-442., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27796187

76. Einspahr, J., Alberts, D. S., Aickin, M., Welch, K., Bozzo, P., Grogan, T., et.al. Expression of p53 protein in actinic keratosis, adjacent, normal-appearing, and non-sun-exposed human skin, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 1997. 6(8): p. 583-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9264270

77. Amirnia, M., Babaie-Ghazani, A., Fakhrjou, A., Khodaeiani, E., Alikhah, H., Naghavi-behzad, M., et.al. Immunohistochemical study of cyclooxygenase-2 in skin tumors, J Dermatolog Treat, 2014. 25(5): p. 380-7., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22667343

78. Torres, A., Storey, L., Anders, M., Miller, R. L., Bulbulian, B. J., Jin, J., et.al. Microarray analysis of aberrant gene expression in actinic keratosis: effect of the Toll-like receptor-7 agonist imiquimod, Br J Dermatol, 2007. 157(6): p. 1132-47., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17944981

79. Zaravinos, A., Kanellou, P., Baritaki, S., Bonavida, B., Spandidos, D. A., BRAF and RKIP are significantly decreased in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, Cell Cycle, 2009. 8(9): p. 1402-8., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19342899

80. Roewert-Huber, J., Stockfleth, E., Kerl, H., Pathology and pathobiology of actinic (solar) keratosis - an update, Br J Dermatol, 2007. 157 Suppl 2: p. 18-20., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18067626

81. Erlendsson, A. M., Egekvist, H., Lorentzen, H. F., Philipsen, P. A., Stausbol-Gron, B., Stender, I. M., et.al. Actinic keratosis: a cross-sectional study of disease characteristics and treatment patterns in Danish dermatology clinics, Int J Dermatol, 2016. 55(3): p. 309-16., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26276415

82. Figueras Nart, I., Cerio, R., Dirschka, T., Dreno, B., Lear, J. T., Pellacani, G., et.al. Defining the actinic keratosis field: a literature review and discussion, J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2017., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29055153

83. Wheller, L., Soyer, H. P., Clinical features of actinic keratoses and early squamous cell carcinoma, Curr Probl Dermatol, 2015. 46: p. 58-63., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561207

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